为获得某地铁车辆永磁同步电机的噪声特性，开展了永磁同步电机的电磁力波理论分析和振动噪声测试，从A计权声压级、1/3倍频程和色谱图等指标分析不同测试工况与转速下的噪声特性。研究结果表明：永磁同步电机噪声主要由电磁振动产生，加速过程的主要频谱成分是48阶、56阶和104阶等阶次成分以及以开关频率及其倍频为中心的调制成分，减速过程无开关频率作用，其余阶次成分一致；电机在316 Hz、440 Hz和910 Hz等频率处存在局部模态，在电机阶次激励作用下易引发共振。振动噪声测试及特性分析可为永磁同步电机的应用提供指导。

In order to obtain the noise characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) of a metro vehicle, the electromagnetic force wave theory analysis and vibration noise test of PMSM are carried out. The noise characteristics under different test conditions and speeds are analyzed from A-weighted sound pressure level, 1/3 octave and chromatogram. The results show that the noise of PMSM is mainly caused by electromagnetic vibration, the main frequency components of acceleration process are 48th, 56th and 104th order components, and the modulation components centered at the switching frequency and its harmonics. In the deceleration process, there is no switching frequency effect, while the other components are the same as those in the acceleration process. There are local modes at 316 Hz, 440 Hz and 910 Hz, which are easy to cause resonance. Vibration and noise test and characteristic analysis can provide guidance for the application of PMSM.

湖南省自然科学基金项目(2020JJ4448)；常德市2020年度指导性科技计划项目(2020ZD34);湖南文理学院科技创新团队项目(校办通[2020]26号)；湖南文理学院博士启动基金项目(19BSQD26)