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Electric Machines & Control Application (CN 31-1959/TM, ISSN 1673-6540) was founded in 1959 in title of Technical Information of Small and Medium-sized Electric Machines. The title was changed to Small and Medium-sized Electric Machines in 1977, and then changed to its current title in 2005. The journal is sponsored by Shanghai Electrical Apparatus Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., aims to publish cutting-edge achievements in various research fields related to the electrical science. The journal is a source journal of the Comprehensive Evaluation Database of Chinese Academic Journals, and the full text articles are included in Chinese Academic Journals (CD). It has been included in Chinese Core Journals and Key Magazine of China Technology for years. Recently, it has also been included in Scopus, EBSCO, DOAJ, EuroPub, Research4Life, ICI world of Jourmals, ICI Journal Master Lister, Japan Science and Technology Agency database (JST, Japan) and Abstract Journals (AJ, Russia). The impact factor is steadily increasing year by year. Electric Machines and Control Application is published on the 10th of each month and is publicly distributed domestically and internationally. The post issuing code is 4-199.
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2026,53(2):110-116, DOI: 10.12177/emca.2026.120
Abstract:
[Objective] Aiming at the issue of power device junction temperature fluctuations and lifetime degradation caused by half-cycle modulation in high-power doubly-fed wind power converters with three-level topologies under low-frequency operating conditions, this paper proposes an operational state-aware and performance-optimized switching control method between three-level active neutral-point-clamped (ANPC) and neutral-point-clamped (NPC) modes. [Methods] A frequency-adaptive dynamic topology switching technique was employed, where the ANPC topology was activated in the high-frequency range to reduce switching losses, while a switch to the NPC topology was implemented in the low-frequency range to suppress diode conduction losses. This approach was validated through high-fidelity simulation and a physical prototype platform. [Results] Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed control method exhibited significant advantages during the operation of the doubly-fed three-level converter, with particularly outstanding effectiveness in suppressing diode junction temperature fluctuations. By dynamically matching the optimal topology to the rotor frequency, the loss distribution of the converter’s power devices was rendered more rational, and the fluctuation amplitude of the diode junction temperature was effectively reduced over a wide frequency range. [Conclusion] The proposed method effectively balances system control performance and device reliability, thus providing a viable and novel approach for the design of low-frequency control strategies in doubly-fed three-level converters.
[Objective] Aiming at the issue of power device junction temperature fluctuations and lifetime degradation caused by half-cycle modulation in high-power doubly-fed wind power converters with three-level topologies under low-frequency operating conditions, this paper proposes an operational state-aware and performance-optimized switching control method between three-level active neutral-point-clamped (ANPC) and neutral-point-clamped (NPC) modes. [Methods] A frequency-adaptive dynamic topology switching technique was employed, where the ANPC topology was activated in the high-frequency range to reduce switching losses, while a switch to the NPC topology was implemented in the low-frequency range to suppress diode conduction losses. This approach was validated through high-fidelity simulation and a physical prototype platform. [Results] Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed control method exhibited significant advantages during the operation of the doubly-fed three-level converter, with particularly outstanding effectiveness in suppressing diode junction temperature fluctuations. By dynamically matching the optimal topology to the rotor frequency, the loss distribution of the converter’s power devices was rendered more rational, and the fluctuation amplitude of the diode junction temperature was effectively reduced over a wide frequency range. [Conclusion] The proposed method effectively balances system control performance and device reliability, thus providing a viable and novel approach for the design of low-frequency control strategies in doubly-fed three-level converters.
LI Yaohua, WANG Qinzheng, LI Mingrui, LI Yansong, LI Xinrui, LEI Jiyu, WANG Yuchen, XU Hao, DING Hong
2026,53(2):117-128, DOI: 10.12177/emca.2026.116
Abstract:
[Objective] To enhance the performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control systems, selecting an appropriate current control strategy for different application scenarios is crucial. This paper conducts a comparative study of five current control strategies: vector control based on hysteresis current control (HCC), proportional-integral (PI) control, and sliding mode control (SMC), as well as model predictive current control (MPCC) and deadbeat current control (DBCC). The study aims to reveal the performance differences of these strategies under various operating conditions, providing a basis for selecting the most suitable strategy in practical applications. [Methods] This study adopted a combined research methodology of simulation and experimentation. Discretized simulation models of the PMSM system under different control strategies were developed based on Matlab/Simulink. The dynamic response and steady-state accuracy of each strategy were evaluated by applying various loads, speeds, and control parameters. Meanwhile, a motor back-to-back test platform was built, and experiments were conducted under the same operating conditions. The simulation and experimental current and speed waveforms were comparatively analyzed, and the actual performance of the control strategy was validated. [Results] The simulation and experimental results indicated that the DBCC strategy employing space vector modulation exhibited superior performance. In HCC and MPCC, the voltage vector was applied throughout the entire sampling period, resulting in significant current ripple. The DBCC demonstrated the best real-time performance, followed by HCC, while PI control and SMC showed comparable results, and MPCC had the poorest real-time performance. During load transients, the speed drop was minimized by HCC, with the other four control strategies exhibiting similar speed drops. The recovery time was shortest for MPCC, followed by HCC, while the remaining three strategies showed comparable recovery times. [Conclusion] By comprehensively comparing the control performance and real-time performance of the above current control strategies, the DBCC for PMSM demonstrates superior performance in both aspects
[Objective] To enhance the performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control systems, selecting an appropriate current control strategy for different application scenarios is crucial. This paper conducts a comparative study of five current control strategies: vector control based on hysteresis current control (HCC), proportional-integral (PI) control, and sliding mode control (SMC), as well as model predictive current control (MPCC) and deadbeat current control (DBCC). The study aims to reveal the performance differences of these strategies under various operating conditions, providing a basis for selecting the most suitable strategy in practical applications. [Methods] This study adopted a combined research methodology of simulation and experimentation. Discretized simulation models of the PMSM system under different control strategies were developed based on Matlab/Simulink. The dynamic response and steady-state accuracy of each strategy were evaluated by applying various loads, speeds, and control parameters. Meanwhile, a motor back-to-back test platform was built, and experiments were conducted under the same operating conditions. The simulation and experimental current and speed waveforms were comparatively analyzed, and the actual performance of the control strategy was validated. [Results] The simulation and experimental results indicated that the DBCC strategy employing space vector modulation exhibited superior performance. In HCC and MPCC, the voltage vector was applied throughout the entire sampling period, resulting in significant current ripple. The DBCC demonstrated the best real-time performance, followed by HCC, while PI control and SMC showed comparable results, and MPCC had the poorest real-time performance. During load transients, the speed drop was minimized by HCC, with the other four control strategies exhibiting similar speed drops. The recovery time was shortest for MPCC, followed by HCC, while the remaining three strategies showed comparable recovery times. [Conclusion] By comprehensively comparing the control performance and real-time performance of the above current control strategies, the DBCC for PMSM demonstrates superior performance in both aspects
2026,53(2):129-138, DOI: 10.12177/emca.2026.125
Abstract:
[Objective] Aiming at the difficulty of directly detecting the current in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) equipped with inductor-capacitor-transformer (LCT) high-order filter, this paper proposes a current cascaded observation method based on an extended state observer (ESO) and a Luenberger state observer (LSO). [Methods] The novel ESO cascaded method proposed in this paper required only the inverter-side current signal. The intermediate system state was obtained through the LSO, and disturbances were estimated and compensated in real-time by the ESO, achieving high-precision observation of the motor current. [Results] The experimental results showed that, under rated conditions, the motor current observation error was reduced by 3.2% with the novel ESO cascaded method proposed in this paper compared to the traditional LSO. [Conclusion] The proposed method achieves high-precision observation of high-order filtered PMSM current without requiring additional sensors or hardware modifications, effectively reducing system complexity and cost.
[Objective] Aiming at the difficulty of directly detecting the current in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) equipped with inductor-capacitor-transformer (LCT) high-order filter, this paper proposes a current cascaded observation method based on an extended state observer (ESO) and a Luenberger state observer (LSO). [Methods] The novel ESO cascaded method proposed in this paper required only the inverter-side current signal. The intermediate system state was obtained through the LSO, and disturbances were estimated and compensated in real-time by the ESO, achieving high-precision observation of the motor current. [Results] The experimental results showed that, under rated conditions, the motor current observation error was reduced by 3.2% with the novel ESO cascaded method proposed in this paper compared to the traditional LSO. [Conclusion] The proposed method achieves high-precision observation of high-order filtered PMSM current without requiring additional sensors or hardware modifications, effectively reducing system complexity and cost.
2026,53(2):139-147, DOI: 10.12177/emca.2026.124
Abstract:
[Objective] Dual-rotor axial-flux permanent magnet synchronous motor (AFPMSM) attracts significant attention in applications such as automotive in-wheel drives and wind power generation due to their high torque density and compact structure. However, traditional surface-mounted permanent magnet motors exhibit low inductance and poor field-weakening capability. To address this issue, this paper proposes a comprehensive optimization design for an 8-pole 48-slot yokeless stator AFPMSM. [Methods] The constant power speed range of a yokeless stator AFPMSM was broadened while maintaining high torque density, through the design of a d-axis magnetic bridge. The key structural parameters influencing the field-weakening performance were thoroughly analyzed to identify the optimization variables. To significantly enhance the optimization efficiency, the three-dimensional finite element model was converted into a two-dimensional equivalent model for multi-objective optimization, and the accuracy of the equivalent conversion was validated. [Results] The simulation results indicated that the yokeless stator AFPMSM achieved an output torque of 96.2 N·m and a constant power speed range of 5∶1. [Conclusion] The proposed motor design effectively expands the constant power speed range while meeting the requirement for high torque density. system efficiency and operational stability.
[Objective] Dual-rotor axial-flux permanent magnet synchronous motor (AFPMSM) attracts significant attention in applications such as automotive in-wheel drives and wind power generation due to their high torque density and compact structure. However, traditional surface-mounted permanent magnet motors exhibit low inductance and poor field-weakening capability. To address this issue, this paper proposes a comprehensive optimization design for an 8-pole 48-slot yokeless stator AFPMSM. [Methods] The constant power speed range of a yokeless stator AFPMSM was broadened while maintaining high torque density, through the design of a d-axis magnetic bridge. The key structural parameters influencing the field-weakening performance were thoroughly analyzed to identify the optimization variables. To significantly enhance the optimization efficiency, the three-dimensional finite element model was converted into a two-dimensional equivalent model for multi-objective optimization, and the accuracy of the equivalent conversion was validated. [Results] The simulation results indicated that the yokeless stator AFPMSM achieved an output torque of 96.2 N·m and a constant power speed range of 5∶1. [Conclusion] The proposed motor design effectively expands the constant power speed range while meeting the requirement for high torque density. system efficiency and operational stability.
2026,53(2):148-157, DOI: 10.12177/emca.2026.127
Abstract:
[Objective] In response to the high requirements including torque density, operating efficiency, and reliability for large transmission components used in aviation, as well as the mechanical gears have problems including easy wear, lack of overload protection, and high maintenance costs. Therefore, a large magnetic field modulation gear is designed in this paper. [Methods] Through analysis for the structural characteristics and design requirements of large magnetic field modulation gears which used in aviation, torque transmission density would be increased as much as possible while considering performance such as efficiency and torque fluctuation. A nonlinear constrained genetic algorithm was used for multi-objective optimization design. Based on the optimized electromagnetic design scheme, finite element method was used to analyze the electromagnetic characteristics, stress distribution characteristics for key components, and temperature rise during operation. [Results] According to the results of multi-physics field analysis, the output power of the proposed magnetic field modulation gear had been reached 500 kW. It could operate smoothly with an efficiency reached 96.17%. The laminated magnetic adjustment block and permanent magnet laminations could effectively reduce core-loss. During its stable operation, the stress of key components inside the rotor could meet the strength requirements by using carbon fiber as the rotor binding sheath, and the temperature of each component had not exceed the allowable material temperature. [Conclusion] The analysis results have verified the rationality and feasibility for the design, which providing a theoretical basis for the design and application of large aviation magnetic field modulation gears, and having certain engineering reference value.
[Objective] In response to the high requirements including torque density, operating efficiency, and reliability for large transmission components used in aviation, as well as the mechanical gears have problems including easy wear, lack of overload protection, and high maintenance costs. Therefore, a large magnetic field modulation gear is designed in this paper. [Methods] Through analysis for the structural characteristics and design requirements of large magnetic field modulation gears which used in aviation, torque transmission density would be increased as much as possible while considering performance such as efficiency and torque fluctuation. A nonlinear constrained genetic algorithm was used for multi-objective optimization design. Based on the optimized electromagnetic design scheme, finite element method was used to analyze the electromagnetic characteristics, stress distribution characteristics for key components, and temperature rise during operation. [Results] According to the results of multi-physics field analysis, the output power of the proposed magnetic field modulation gear had been reached 500 kW. It could operate smoothly with an efficiency reached 96.17%. The laminated magnetic adjustment block and permanent magnet laminations could effectively reduce core-loss. During its stable operation, the stress of key components inside the rotor could meet the strength requirements by using carbon fiber as the rotor binding sheath, and the temperature of each component had not exceed the allowable material temperature. [Conclusion] The analysis results have verified the rationality and feasibility for the design, which providing a theoretical basis for the design and application of large aviation magnetic field modulation gears, and having certain engineering reference value.
2026(2):158-167, DOI: 10.12177/emca.2026.126
Abstract:
[Objective] The challenge of achieving global efficiency optimization in a single-input multiple-output wireless power transfer (SIMO-WPT) system under multiple load voltage constraints is addressed. [Methods] A full-link transmission efficiency model, including coil and diode losses, was constructed. The control mechanisms of phase-shifting on the transmitter side and Buck-Boost regulation on the receiver side were analyzed. A genetic-interior point collaborative optimization algorithm was proposed. This algorithm combined the global optimization capability of the genetic algorithm with the rapid convergence of the interior point method, thereby avoiding the issues of local optima and initial point sensitivity. [Results] The simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the proposed genetic-interior point collaborative optimization algorithm achieved faster convergence compared to traditional approaches and strictly converged to the global efficiency optimum. [Conclusion] The efficiency model developed in this study covers the key loss components of WPT systems, making it adaptable to scenarios with varying load numbers, voltage constraints, and coil parameters, thus demonstrating strong generalizability. The proposed genetic-interior point collaborative optimization algorithm effectively addresses the challenge of global efficiency optimization in SIMO-WPT systems under load voltage constraints, providing a feasible reference for the efficiency design of similar WPT systems.
[Objective] The challenge of achieving global efficiency optimization in a single-input multiple-output wireless power transfer (SIMO-WPT) system under multiple load voltage constraints is addressed. [Methods] A full-link transmission efficiency model, including coil and diode losses, was constructed. The control mechanisms of phase-shifting on the transmitter side and Buck-Boost regulation on the receiver side were analyzed. A genetic-interior point collaborative optimization algorithm was proposed. This algorithm combined the global optimization capability of the genetic algorithm with the rapid convergence of the interior point method, thereby avoiding the issues of local optima and initial point sensitivity. [Results] The simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the proposed genetic-interior point collaborative optimization algorithm achieved faster convergence compared to traditional approaches and strictly converged to the global efficiency optimum. [Conclusion] The efficiency model developed in this study covers the key loss components of WPT systems, making it adaptable to scenarios with varying load numbers, voltage constraints, and coil parameters, thus demonstrating strong generalizability. The proposed genetic-interior point collaborative optimization algorithm effectively addresses the challenge of global efficiency optimization in SIMO-WPT systems under load voltage constraints, providing a feasible reference for the efficiency design of similar WPT systems.
2026,53(2):168-177, DOI: 10.12177/emca.2026.123
Abstract:
[Objective] For a dual-motor servo system with external disturbance torques, a terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) strategy based on a finite-time disturbance observer is proposed. The aim is to enhance the dynamic response quality, robustness, and cooperative motion accuracy between the dual motors under complex working conditions. [Methods] Firstly, a finite-time disturbance observer was designed to quickly and accurately estimate external disturbances, ensuring that the observation error converged in finite time. Second, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface was constructed to avoid singularity issues and enhance the system’s anti-interference capability. Then, synchronous feedback and an optimized reaching law were introduced to suppress chattering and ensure high-precision synchronization of the dual motors. Finally, based on the Matlab/Simulink simulations platfrom, the performance of the proposed TSMC strategy was compared and analyzed with that of the integral sliding mode control strategy. [Results] The results demonstrated that the proposed TSMC strategy exhibited significant advantages in system load tracking performance, trajectory tracking error, and dual-motor synchronization error. [Conclusion] The proposed TSMC strategy theoretically guarantees finite-time stability of the system and demonstrates significant practical advantages, including strong anti-interference capability, fast dynamic response, and high-precision synchronization. This achievement provides an effective solution for controlling high-performance dual-motor servo systems in scenarios with complex disturbances and stringent accuracy requirements.
[Objective] For a dual-motor servo system with external disturbance torques, a terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) strategy based on a finite-time disturbance observer is proposed. The aim is to enhance the dynamic response quality, robustness, and cooperative motion accuracy between the dual motors under complex working conditions. [Methods] Firstly, a finite-time disturbance observer was designed to quickly and accurately estimate external disturbances, ensuring that the observation error converged in finite time. Second, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface was constructed to avoid singularity issues and enhance the system’s anti-interference capability. Then, synchronous feedback and an optimized reaching law were introduced to suppress chattering and ensure high-precision synchronization of the dual motors. Finally, based on the Matlab/Simulink simulations platfrom, the performance of the proposed TSMC strategy was compared and analyzed with that of the integral sliding mode control strategy. [Results] The results demonstrated that the proposed TSMC strategy exhibited significant advantages in system load tracking performance, trajectory tracking error, and dual-motor synchronization error. [Conclusion] The proposed TSMC strategy theoretically guarantees finite-time stability of the system and demonstrates significant practical advantages, including strong anti-interference capability, fast dynamic response, and high-precision synchronization. This achievement provides an effective solution for controlling high-performance dual-motor servo systems in scenarios with complex disturbances and stringent accuracy requirements.
2026,53(2):178-187, DOI: 10.12177/emca.2026.117
Abstract:
[Objective] The self-excited synchronous motor (SESM) has a simple structure and low cost, utilizing both fundamental current and high-frequency sinusoidal current for excitation. However, the high-frequency current introduces higher-order harmonics, causing interaction between the stator and rotor magnetic fields. This generates radial electromagnetic forces, leading to motor vibration and deformation, and ultimately producing uncomfortable high-frequency electromagnetic noise. [Methods] To address the electromagnetic noise issue caused by high-frequency sinusoidal current excitation, a high-frequency square wave injection excitation strategy was proposed. The strategy utilized the low carrier ratio characteristic of square waves to elevate the injection frequency beyond the human auditory sensitive range (1~5 kHz), effectively reducing noise impact. Firstly, the noise characteristics of high-frequency sinusoidal current were analyzed through power spectral density. Next, the square wave strategy was proposed and its response current spectrum was examined. Finally, the strategy was verified based on magnetomotive force theory and tested on a self-excited motor platform. [Results] The experimental results showed that, compared with the traditional excitation strategy, the proposed high-frequency square wave excitation strategy could reduce the power spectral density in the human auditory sensitive range by 51.86 dB/Hz while ensuring the same excitation effect, significantly mitigating the noise impact. [Conclusion] The proposed high-frequency square wave excitation strategy effectively reduces electromagnetic noise in the human auditory sensitive range, addressing the issue of excessive noise in traditional excitation strategies and providing a reliable low-noise control solution for SESM.
[Objective] The self-excited synchronous motor (SESM) has a simple structure and low cost, utilizing both fundamental current and high-frequency sinusoidal current for excitation. However, the high-frequency current introduces higher-order harmonics, causing interaction between the stator and rotor magnetic fields. This generates radial electromagnetic forces, leading to motor vibration and deformation, and ultimately producing uncomfortable high-frequency electromagnetic noise. [Methods] To address the electromagnetic noise issue caused by high-frequency sinusoidal current excitation, a high-frequency square wave injection excitation strategy was proposed. The strategy utilized the low carrier ratio characteristic of square waves to elevate the injection frequency beyond the human auditory sensitive range (1~5 kHz), effectively reducing noise impact. Firstly, the noise characteristics of high-frequency sinusoidal current were analyzed through power spectral density. Next, the square wave strategy was proposed and its response current spectrum was examined. Finally, the strategy was verified based on magnetomotive force theory and tested on a self-excited motor platform. [Results] The experimental results showed that, compared with the traditional excitation strategy, the proposed high-frequency square wave excitation strategy could reduce the power spectral density in the human auditory sensitive range by 51.86 dB/Hz while ensuring the same excitation effect, significantly mitigating the noise impact. [Conclusion] The proposed high-frequency square wave excitation strategy effectively reduces electromagnetic noise in the human auditory sensitive range, addressing the issue of excessive noise in traditional excitation strategies and providing a reliable low-noise control solution for SESM.
2026(2):188-198, DOI: 10.12177/emca.2026.121
Abstract:
[Objective] The canned permanent magnet synchronous motor (CPMSM) is widely used in critical fields such as chemical processing, nuclear power, and medical applications due to its high power density, superior efficiency, and excellent dynamic performance. However, research on the impact of batch-produced permanent magnet performance variations on long-term motor stability remains insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of permanent magnet variations on CPMSM performance and reveal its multi-physics field coupling mechanisms. [Methods] Firstly, a load backs electromotive force-based real-time detection method for permanent magnet magnetic properties was proposed, enabling dynamic post-assembly monitoring without additional sensors. Then, the influence of permanent magnet performance variations on CPMSM electromagnetic fields, temperature distribution, and shield-can thermal stress/deformation was analyzed using finite element models. Finally, experimental validation of the proposed method was subsequently conducted. [Results] The results demonstrated that when compared with the N30-grade, the motor with N38-grade permanent magnets exhibited a 2.56% difference in power factor, a 1.76% difference in efficiency, a 5 ℃ difference in winding temperature, and a 5.82 ℃ difference in casing temperature. [Conclusion] A decline in the magnetic performance of permanent magnets leads to nonlinear deterioration in motor performance metrics, and the performance difference is solely related to the quantity of permanent magnets, independent of their distribution. This study provides theoretical references for the optimized design of CPMSM, the evaluation of permanent magnet deviation impacts, and the enhancement of reliability in harsh environments.
[Objective] The canned permanent magnet synchronous motor (CPMSM) is widely used in critical fields such as chemical processing, nuclear power, and medical applications due to its high power density, superior efficiency, and excellent dynamic performance. However, research on the impact of batch-produced permanent magnet performance variations on long-term motor stability remains insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of permanent magnet variations on CPMSM performance and reveal its multi-physics field coupling mechanisms. [Methods] Firstly, a load backs electromotive force-based real-time detection method for permanent magnet magnetic properties was proposed, enabling dynamic post-assembly monitoring without additional sensors. Then, the influence of permanent magnet performance variations on CPMSM electromagnetic fields, temperature distribution, and shield-can thermal stress/deformation was analyzed using finite element models. Finally, experimental validation of the proposed method was subsequently conducted. [Results] The results demonstrated that when compared with the N30-grade, the motor with N38-grade permanent magnets exhibited a 2.56% difference in power factor, a 1.76% difference in efficiency, a 5 ℃ difference in winding temperature, and a 5.82 ℃ difference in casing temperature. [Conclusion] A decline in the magnetic performance of permanent magnets leads to nonlinear deterioration in motor performance metrics, and the performance difference is solely related to the quantity of permanent magnets, independent of their distribution. This study provides theoretical references for the optimized design of CPMSM, the evaluation of permanent magnet deviation impacts, and the enhancement of reliability in harsh environments.
IPMSM Self-Sensing Topology Initial Mechanical Angle Identification Strategy Without Pre-Positioning
2026,53(2):199-211, DOI: 10.12177/emca.2026.119
Abstract:
[Objective] In position servo applications of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), accurate detection of the rotor’s initial position is essential for ensuring absolute position control precision. However, traditional sensorless control algorithms commonly face two limitations: the starting position is constrained to specific points, and mechanical angle deviation occurs during the pre-positioning process. [Methods] To address these issues, an initial mechanical angle identification strategy without pre-positioning was proposed for IPMSM. Firstly, the inductance mathematical model of the self-sensing topology IPMSM was established, and the mechanical fundamental frequency characteristics of the self-sensing IPMSM inductance were analyzed. Secondly, the mathematical model of high-frequency response current after line-to-line injection was derived, and the initial mechanical angle of the rotor was detected by utilizing the correlation between the high-frequency response current and the rotor’s initial mechanical angle. Finally, the proposed strategy was verified on a self-sensing IPMSM test platform. [Results] The experimental results demonstrated that, compared with the conventional strategy, the proposed control strategy achieved arbitrary position identification across four sectors without requiring multiple pre-positioning steps. [Conclusion] The proposed solution addresses the starting and pre-positioning travel limitations of traditional methods, providing a superior approach for pre-positioning-free startup of IPMSM.
[Objective] In position servo applications of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), accurate detection of the rotor’s initial position is essential for ensuring absolute position control precision. However, traditional sensorless control algorithms commonly face two limitations: the starting position is constrained to specific points, and mechanical angle deviation occurs during the pre-positioning process. [Methods] To address these issues, an initial mechanical angle identification strategy without pre-positioning was proposed for IPMSM. Firstly, the inductance mathematical model of the self-sensing topology IPMSM was established, and the mechanical fundamental frequency characteristics of the self-sensing IPMSM inductance were analyzed. Secondly, the mathematical model of high-frequency response current after line-to-line injection was derived, and the initial mechanical angle of the rotor was detected by utilizing the correlation between the high-frequency response current and the rotor’s initial mechanical angle. Finally, the proposed strategy was verified on a self-sensing IPMSM test platform. [Results] The experimental results demonstrated that, compared with the conventional strategy, the proposed control strategy achieved arbitrary position identification across four sectors without requiring multiple pre-positioning steps. [Conclusion] The proposed solution addresses the starting and pre-positioning travel limitations of traditional methods, providing a superior approach for pre-positioning-free startup of IPMSM.
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The impact of largescale access of wind farms on the transient stability of power grids could not be ignored. Taking the extended twomachine system with doublyfed wind turbines as an example, the equivalent model of doublyfed induction generator was established, and the twomachine system could be equivalent to a singlemachine infinity system. Based on the law of equal area, the analytic formula of critical clearing angle of the system was deduced in detail after wind power accessed. The analytic formula was used to quantitatively analyze the variation trends of the critical clearing angle with wind power ratio, wind turbine grid connection position, fault location and load access position. The influence laws of the above four factors on the stability of transient power angle were summarized. The simulation models of the extended twomachine system with doublyfed induction generator was established in BPA and FASTEST, and the accuracy of the theoretical analysis was verified.
The impact of largescale access of wind farms on the transient stability of power grids could not be ignored. Taking the extended twomachine system with doublyfed wind turbines as an example, the equivalent model of doublyfed induction generator was established, and the twomachine system could be equivalent to a singlemachine infinity system. Based on the law of equal area, the analytic formula of critical clearing angle of the system was deduced in detail after wind power accessed. The analytic formula was used to quantitatively analyze the variation trends of the critical clearing angle with wind power ratio, wind turbine grid connection position, fault location and load access position. The influence laws of the above four factors on the stability of transient power angle were summarized. The simulation models of the extended twomachine system with doublyfed induction generator was established in BPA and FASTEST, and the accuracy of the theoretical analysis was verified.
Abstract:
Multimotor synchronous and coordinate system was widely used in the field of motor control. The control strategy played a important role in the performance of multimotor synchronization system. Domestic and foreign scholars had conducted deep research, who aimed at the problem of multimotor synchronization.They put forward a variety of synchronization control strategies. The control strategies proposed at home and abroad were reviewed. The accuracy of tracking, robustness and capacity of antiload of the control object were analyzed. The new prospect of multimotor synchronization control was proposed.
Multimotor synchronous and coordinate system was widely used in the field of motor control. The control strategy played a important role in the performance of multimotor synchronization system. Domestic and foreign scholars had conducted deep research, who aimed at the problem of multimotor synchronization.They put forward a variety of synchronization control strategies. The control strategies proposed at home and abroad were reviewed. The accuracy of tracking, robustness and capacity of antiload of the control object were analyzed. The new prospect of multimotor synchronization control was proposed.
Abstract:
Inwheel motor drive technology represents an essential development direction in new energy vehicle drive system. The technical requirements and drive form were introduced. The technical requirements and drive form of inwheel motor drive were summarized. Current research situation of inwheel motor drive technology was compared and analyzed briefly. The key technique problems of inwheel motor technology were proposed. The essential technologies in descreasing unsprung mass, restraining vertical vibration effect and reducing torque ripple of inwheel motor were discussed, which were supposed to be solved urgently. The development trend of inwheel motor drive technology was predicted.
Inwheel motor drive technology represents an essential development direction in new energy vehicle drive system. The technical requirements and drive form were introduced. The technical requirements and drive form of inwheel motor drive were summarized. Current research situation of inwheel motor drive technology was compared and analyzed briefly. The key technique problems of inwheel motor technology were proposed. The essential technologies in descreasing unsprung mass, restraining vertical vibration effect and reducing torque ripple of inwheel motor were discussed, which were supposed to be solved urgently. The development trend of inwheel motor drive technology was predicted.
2024,51(9):70-79, DOI: 10.12177/emca.2024.090
Abstract:
To address the issue of high torque ripple in permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMA-SynRM), a multi-objective optimization design method based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) was proposed. First, the basic structure and working principle of the PMA-SynRM were introduced. Next, the rotor structure of the PMA-SynRM was improved by constructing air barriers and designing asymmetric auxiliary slots. Then, sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the parameters that had the most significant impact on the optimization objectives of the PMA-SynRM, and multi-objective optimization was performed using NSGA-II. The optimal topology was selected from the generated Pareto front. Finally, the torque performance of the optimized motor was compared with that of the initial motor using finite element analysis software. Simulation results showed that the performance of the PMA-SynRM optimized through NSGA-II was significantly improved.
To address the issue of high torque ripple in permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMA-SynRM), a multi-objective optimization design method based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) was proposed. First, the basic structure and working principle of the PMA-SynRM were introduced. Next, the rotor structure of the PMA-SynRM was improved by constructing air barriers and designing asymmetric auxiliary slots. Then, sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the parameters that had the most significant impact on the optimization objectives of the PMA-SynRM, and multi-objective optimization was performed using NSGA-II. The optimal topology was selected from the generated Pareto front. Finally, the torque performance of the optimized motor was compared with that of the initial motor using finite element analysis software. Simulation results showed that the performance of the PMA-SynRM optimized through NSGA-II was significantly improved.
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Electric Machines & Control Application ® 2026
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Electric Machines & Control Application ® 2026
Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.
