为了降低牵引电机绕组温升及改进电机外风路的流动效率，以1台机车用永磁同步牵引电机为例，根据电机实际尺寸，建立了电机外风路及定子铁心及绕组模型。基于计算流体力学（CFD）原理，数值模拟了电机外风路流场，计算出电机外风路在不同定子通风孔下的流动情况，并对定子铁心及绕组进行流热耦合计算分析，计算并分析得到了定子通风孔的最佳设计方案，为该型电机定子通风孔的设计提供了参考。

In order to reduce the temperature rise of the traction motor windings and improve the flow efficiency of the external flow field of the motor，a permanent magnet synchronous traction motor for locomotives is taken as the research example. According to the actual size of the motor, models of the motor’s external air flow field, stator core and windings are established. Based on the principle of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the flow field of the external air path of the motor is numerically simulated, the flow of the external air path of the motor is calculated for different stator vents, and the coupled turbulent flow and temperature fields of the stator core and windings are calculated and analyzed. Through calculation and analysis, the best design scheme of stator vents is obtained, which provides reference for the design of stator vents of this type of motor.