【目的】针对冶金行业生产中谐波入侵变压器导致其构件振动、噪声异常的问题，基于多物理场耦合方法，通过仿真和试验研究冶金谐波扰动在多物理场中的演变过程。【方法】首先，提出考虑谐波扰动的变压器电磁-机械-声场耦合模型，将电磁力、振动加速度分别作为电磁-机械、机械-声场的关联特征参数。基于电磁耦合求解变压器的绕组电流、磁通密度以及电磁力，并将电磁力作为机械模型的激励，计算变压器铁心及绕组的振动加速度，然后以振动加速度为声场模型激励求解变压器声压以及声压级变化，实现变压器电磁-机械-声的多场耦合。通过模拟多种扰动模式下各场域的时空分布与变化，利用关联特征参数反映多物理场的扰动演变过程，仿真分析(间)谐波分量扰动下变压器多场参数变化。同时搭建动模试验平台，采集不同模式下变压器的振动及噪声信号。【结果】结果表明，冶金谐波入侵变压器时，构件的多场信息均随着负载率和谐波频率的升高而增强。间谐波分量对变压器的扰动比邻近频域谐波分量更为显著。通过仿真-试验对比，验证了本文模型的正确性。【结论】基于仿真试验结果，以冶金谐波中最为显著的间谐波分量97 Hz作为典型表征参数，建立不同含量97 Hz间谐波与变压器构件振动的映射关系，进而制定失稳判据。当含量达到15%时，97 Hz间谐波导致变压器内部电磁、机械环境严重失稳。辨识方案为冶金谐波入侵下变压器的态势感知与设备保护提供支持。

[Objective] To address the issue of component vibration and abnormal noise in transformers caused by harmonic intrusion during metallurgical production, this study investigates the evolution of metallurgical harmonic disturbances in multi-physical fields using a multi-physics coupling approach, combining simulation and experimental methods. [Methods] First, a coupling electromagnetic-mechanical-acoustic model of the transformer was proposed, taking harmonic disturbances into account. Electromagnetic force and vibration acceleration were selected as the characteristic parameters linking electromagnetic-mechanical and mechanical-acoustic fields, respectively. Based on electromagnetic coupling, the winding current, magnetic flux density, and electromagnetic force of the transformer were solved. The electromagnetic force was then used as the excitation for the mechanical model to calculate the vibration acceleration of the transformer core and windings. Subsequently, the vibration acceleration was used as excitation for the acoustic model to calculate the sound pressure and the variations in sound pressure level, thereby realizing the multi-field coupling process across electromagnetic, mechanical, and acoustic domains. The spatiotemporal distributions and variations of each field under various disturbance modes were simulated. The evolution of disturbances in the multi-physical fields was analyzed using the characteristic parameters. The effects of harmonic and interharmonic components' disturbances on the transformer's multi-field parameters were studied through simulation. Additionally, a test platform for dynamic simulation was built to collect vibration and noise signals from the transformer under different disturbance modes. [Results] The results showed that when metallurgical harmonics intruded into the transformer, the multi-field information of the components increased with higher load rate and harmonic frequency. Interharmonic components caused more significant disturbances to the transformer than harmonic components in adjacent frequency domain. The accuracy of the proposed model was verified through simulation-experiment comparisons. [Conclusion] Based on simulation and experimental results, the most significant interharmonic component 97 Hz in metallurgical harmonics is selected as a typical characterization parameter. A mapping relationship between different levels of the 97 Hz interharmonic and the vibration of transformer components is established, and an instability criterion is developed. When the 97 Hz interharmonic content reaches 15%, it causes severe instability in the internal electromagnetic and mechanical environments within the transformer. The identification method provides support for situational awareness and equipment protection for transformers under metallurgical harmonic intrusion.

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB2404000)