【目的】针对轮辐式永磁同步电机(STPMSM)的电磁振动噪声问题，本文研究了定子齿部和轭部间附加气隙对STPMSM声学性能的影响，旨在通过设计气隙结构降低电磁振动和噪声。【方法】首先，构建STPMSM的有限元模型深入分析电磁场特性，采用麦克斯韦应力张量法与二维傅里叶变换法相结合将电磁力分解为径向分量和切向分量以研究电磁力时空分布特征；其次，搭建10极12槽STPMSM试验平台，模拟实际工况下振动与噪声响应，并通过模态分析、锤击响应测试及频响函数测量以验证仿真结果；最后，对均匀和非均匀附加气隙两种结构方案进行比较研究，并评估三角形与凸型齿轭分离结构对整体声学性能的影响。【结果】仿真和试验结果均表明，在定子齿部与轭部之间引入附加气隙后，电机的声压级降低了约2.3 dB。有限元分析显示，主要的径向力分量与特定的空间谐波相对应，与实际噪声频率一致。非均匀附加气隙虽引入新的电磁力时空分量，但对整体声学性能的影响较小；三角形齿轭分离结构设计的定子在降噪方面明显优于凸型。【结论】本文研究证实了附加气隙可有效降低STPMSM的电磁振动和噪声，均匀与非均匀气隙对声学性能影响差异不显著，三角形齿轭分离结构声学性能更优，且通过遗传算法优化附加气隙结构参数进一步提升声学性能，为电机噪声控制提供新的思路与方法。

[Objective] To address the issue of electromagnetic vibration and noise in spoke-type permanent magnet synchronous motor (STPMSM), this study investigates the impact of additional air gap between the stator teeth and yoke on the acoustic performance of STPMSM. The aim is to reduce electromagnetic vibration and noise by designing an optimal additional air-gap structure. [Methods] Firstly, a finite element model of the STPMSM was developed to analyze its electromagnetic field characteristics. The electromagnetic force was decomposed into radial and tangential components using the Maxwell stress tensor method and two-dimensional Fourier transform to examine its spatiotemporal distribution. Then, a 10-pole 12-slot STPMSM test platform was constructed to simulate vibration and noise responses under actual operating conditions. Modal analysis, hammer response experiments, and frequency response function measurements were conducted to validate the simulation results. Finally, a comparative study was performed between uniform and non-uniform additional air gap structures, evaluating the effects of triangular and convex tooth-yoke separation structures on overall acoustic performance. [Results] Both simulation and experimental results demonstrated that introducing an additional air gap between the stator teeth and yoke reduced the motor's sound pressure level by approximately 2.3 dB. Finite element analysis revealed that the dominant radial force components corresponded to specific spatial harmonics, aligning with actual noise frequencies. Although the non-uniform additional air gap introduced new spatiotemporal components of electromagnetic force, its impact on overall acoustic performance was negligible. Furthermore, the stator with a triangular tooth-yoke separation structure exhibited significantly better noise reduction performance than the convex structure. [Conclusion] This study confirms that the additional air gap effectively reduces electromagnetic vibration and noise in STPMSM. The difference in acoustic performance between uniform and non-uniform air gaps was not significant, while the triangular tooth-yoke separation structure demonstrated superior noise reduction capabilities. Furthermore, optimizing additional air gap parameters using genetic algorithms can further enhance acoustic performance, offering new insights and methodologies for motor noise control.

2024年江苏省研究生科研创新项目(KYCX24_1872)