【目的】潜油永磁同步电机(SPMSM)具有安全可靠、效率高及响应速度快等优势，是取代效率低下的异步潜油电机的最佳机型，其控制性能直接影响潜油电泵的稳定性及采油效率。针对油井工作环境恶劣导致潜油电机不适合安装位置传感器的问题，本文在建立高频激励电机数学模型的基础上，提出一种基于高频方波注入法的永磁同步电机无位置传感器自抗扰控制(ADRC)方案。【方法】通过采用无滤波器法分离基频和高频电流信号，获取包含转子位置信息的高频电流信号；通过采用基于误差反馈修正的龙伯格观测器来消除电机转速和转子位置的观测误差，提高中高速阶段的转速估计精度。同时，研究了不确定性扰动对系统的影响机理，并在此基础上，将ADRC技术应用于矢量控制系统中，设计了基于ADRC的速度调节器。【结果】为验证基于ADRC技术的高频方波注入法在低转速时的性能，基于Matlab/Simulink搭建系统仿真模型。仿真结果表明，该系统具有良好的转速跟踪性能以及转子位置观测精度，动态响应快、稳态精度高；同时，该控制算法在突加负载时能有效地跟随实际转速，并能够在较短的时间内恢复稳定，验证了所提出的控制策略的有效性及可行性。【结论】本文所提方法在宽调速范围内具有消除负载扰动影响的能力。

[Objective] The submersible permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) offers advantages such as high safety, reliability, efficiency, and fast response, making it an ideal replacement for low-efficiency asynchronous submersible motors. Its control performance directly affects the stability of submersible electric pumps and the efficiency of oil extraction. However, due to the harsh working conditions in oil wells, installing position sensors in submersible motors is impractical. To address this issue, this study establishes a mathematical model of the motor under high-frequency excitation and proposes a sensorless active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) strategy using the high-frequency square-wave injection method. [Methods] A filterless approach was employed to separate fundamental and high-frequency current signals, allowing the extraction of rotor position information from high-frequency current signals. To enhance the accuracy of speed estimation in the medium- and high-speed range, a Luenberger observer with error feedback correction was implemented to reduce observation errors in motor speed and rotor position. Additionally, analyzing the influence of uncertain disturbances on the system, on the basis of that, a speed regulator based on ADRC was designed and integrated into the vector control system. [Results] To verify the performance of the high-frequency square-wave injection method based on ADRC technology at low speeds, a system simulation model was developed using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results indicated that the proposed system exhibited excellent speed-tracking performance and high rotor position estimation accuracy, with a fast dynamic response and high steady-state accuracy. Furthermore, the control algorithm effectively followed the actual speed under sudden load disturbances and restored stability within a short period, validating the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control strategy. [Conclusion] The proposed method successfully mitigates the impact of load disturbances across a wide speed regulation range.

天津市重点研发计划项目(19YFZCSN00360)