针对传统直线电机位置检测精度严重依赖于光栅、磁栅、容栅等传感器本身精度且传感器的安装精度要求高、成本高等问题。基于磁场解析法对不同永磁体形状对线性霍尔的影响进行磁场分析，得出在不同检测距离磁场电角度与位置的关系。在此基础上提出能够实现精准位置检测的面包形永磁体结构，且基于复杂可编程逻辑器件（CPLD）搭建直线电机位置反馈试验平台，以实现直线电机的高精度位置检测。结果表明，利用霍尔传感器感应所设计的面包形磁钢实现直线电机位置检测，具有安装方式影响小，系统可靠性高的优点，测试直线电机速度波动在5%以内，重复精度1.54 μm。

The traditional linear motor position detection accuracy heavily relies on the accuracy of sensors such as gratings, magnetic grids, and capacitive grids, and the installation accuracy and cost of sensors are also high. Based on the magnetic field analysis method, the influence of different permanent magnet shapes on linear Hall is analyzed, and the relationship between the magnetic field electrical angle and position at different detection distances is obtained. On this basis, a bread shaped permanent magnet structure that can achieve precise position detection is proposed, and a linear motor position feedback experimental platform is built based on complex programmable logic devices (CPLD) to achieve high-precision position detection of linear motors. The experimental results show that the use of Hall sensor induction designed bread shaped magnetic steel for linear motor position detection has the advantages of small installation method impact and high system reliability. The speed fluctuation of the linear motor during testing is within 5%, and the repeatability accuracy is 1.54 μm.

浙江省自然科学基金重大项目（LD21E070002）；浙江省科技计划项目（2023C01179）；宁波市科技创新2025重大专项（2020Z068）