虚拟同步发电机（VSG）技术是新能源由“被动调节”转为“主动支撑”的新一代新能源发电技术，是使新能源发电具备惯量支撑、一次调频和主动调压等主动支撑电网能力的有效路径，是解决“双高”电力系统所面临问题的探索实践。综述了电压控制型和电流控制型新能源虚拟同步发电机的控制模式，总结了电流控制、电压控制和改进型虚拟同步发电机的运行特征，并从技术原理的角度分析了其优势和不足；围绕虚拟同步发电机并网系统稳定性分析问题和暂态控制问题，对常用稳定性分析方法进行了概述，梳理和总结了目前关于改进型虚拟同步发电机对电力系统稳定性影响和振荡问题的研究。在此基础上，指出了虚拟同步发电机稳定性分析、振荡抑制和故障电压穿越的研究重点。最后对I-VSG与同步机组及接入电网的交互作用机制、提高支撑电力系统动态稳定性的技术进行了展望，指出了后续研究的关键问题，提供了可参考的解决思路。

Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology is the new generation renewable energy power generation technology that transforms it from “passive regulation” to “active support”, that is an effective path to make the renewable energy power generation have the ability to active support the power grid with inertia support, primary frequency regulation and active voltage regulation, and the virtual synchronous generator technology is an exploratory practice for solving the problems of “double-high” power system. The control modes of voltage-controlled and current-controlled of virtual synchronous generator, the operating characteristics of current control, voltage control and improved virtual synchronous generators are summarized, and the comparative advantages and shortcomings are analyzed with the view of technical principles. Focusing on the stability analysis problems and transient control of the grid-connected virtual synchronous generator, the common stability analysis methods are summarized, and the current research on the influence on the power system stability and oscillation of grid-connected improved virtual synchronous generators is summarized. On this basis, the research keys of virtual synchronous generator stability analysis, oscillation suppression and fault voltage ride-through are pointed out. Finally, the interaction mechanism and dynamic stability improvement technology of improved virtual synchronous generators are prospected, and the key problems of follow-up research are pointed out, and the referenced solution paths are proposed.

国家自然科学基金（2022YFB2403500）