储热作为一种具有广阔前景的规模化储能技术，可有效缓解能源供求不匹配、优化能源结构。综述了近几年来关于化学储热、显热储热和相变储热（潜热储热）的材料体系、制备工艺及性能特点，对各种储热材料的组成、结构、性能特点、面临的困难、应用前景及发展趋势进行了分析讨论。其中，利用相变材料在相变过程中，吸收或放出相变潜热来进行能量储存与释放的相变储热反应易于控制、安全可靠且具有高能量密度。基于此，进一步对相变储热的分类、储热系统强化传热技术以及应用等方面的研究进展进行了总结。

Energy storage is a promising large-scale technology that effectively addresses the mismatch between energy supply and demand, while also optimizing the energy structure. A comprehensive review of recent advancements in material systems, preparation technologies, and performance characteristics of thermal storage technologies is provided, specifically focusing on chemical thermal storage, sensible thermal storage, and latent thermal storage. The composition, structure, preparation processes, performance characteristics, challenges, application prospects, and future development trends of varions thermal storage meterials are analyzed and discussed. Among these materials, in the process of phase change, the absorption or release of latent heat of phase change for energy storage and release of phase change heat storage stands out due to its significant advantages, including high energy density, ease of reaction control, and exceptional safety and reliability. Moreover, the paper explores further research progress in the realm of phase change energy storage, enhanced heat transfer technology for heat storage systems, and potential applications in different fields.

国家自然科学基金(U21A2087);上海市自然科学基金(22ZR1403200)