由于风的变化性、随机性等因素，风电机组的输出功率处于不稳定的状态。当风速超过额定风速时，通过精确地调节桨距角，保证风电机组输出功率的稳定性。针对该问题，基于Matlab/Simulink仿真软件，搭建出风电机组变桨控制模型，设计了基于鲸鱼算法优化的模糊PID控制器。然而，模糊控制参数繁多，仅靠专家经验进行整定比较困难。因此，通过鲸鱼算法对模糊参数进行在线最优整定，很好地解决了风电机组的大滞后和非线性问题。通过对比分析PID控制器和模糊PID控制器的性能，仿真结果表明后者可以使功率快速趋于额定值，提高了系统的动态响应，并且可以精确调整桨距角。此外，模糊PID控制器最大限度减轻了变桨机构的疲劳，增加了风机的寿命。

Due to factors such as wind variability and randomness, the power output of wind turbines remains unstable. When the wind speed exceeds the rated wind speed, the stability of the wind power generator’s output power is guaranteed by precisely regulating the pitch angle of the blades. In relation to this issue, a wind turbine pitch control model is built by Matlab/Simulink, and a whale algorithm-optimized fuzzy PID controller is introduced. However, there are many parameters of fuzzy controller, and it is difficult to set up by expert experience alone. Therefore, using the whale algorithm, and achieving optimal tuning of fuzzy parameters, effectively addressing the wind turbine’s significant hysteresis and nonlinearity. Comparing the performance metrics of the PID controller and the fuzzy PID controller, and the simulations results show that the latter ensures rapid power convergence to rated values, enhances system dynamic response, and offers precise pitch angle adjustments. Moreover, the fuzzy PID controller precision minimizes pitch mechanism fatigue, and extends the wind turbine’s lifespan.

陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目（2019JM-443）