【目的】随着不可再生资源的日益枯竭以及环境污染问题的不断加剧，新能源汽车成为当下汽车行业的重要发展方向，而驱动电机是决定新能源汽车性能好坏的关键部件。【方法】本文概述了新能源汽车驱动电机技术现状，介绍了新型混合励磁技术及其在新能源汽车驱动电机上的应用，并对新能源汽车驱动电机技术发展进行了展望。【结果】首先，介绍了直流电机、交流异步电机、开关磁阻电机以及永磁同步电机四种现有的新能源汽车驱动电机，在对现有驱动电机优缺点分析的基础上引出了性能更高、更加适配新能源汽车的混合励磁电机;其次，对混合励磁电机驱动技术原理进行了介绍，混合励磁电机内同时存在永磁励磁和电励磁两种磁势源，二者共同控制和调节电机的气隙磁场，具有结构形式多样、功率密度高和转速范围宽的优势，在新能源汽车驱动电机等宽范围调磁领域具有重要的应用价值;再次，从永磁体放置位置出发，对转子永磁型和定子永磁型两种不同结构的混合励磁电机进行了详细阐述，在此基础上，归纳出混合励磁技术的控制策略，并对其在新能源汽车上的应用进行了简述;最后，对新能源汽车驱动电机未来的发展趋势进行了分析与展望。【结论】综合对四种新能源汽车常用电机优缺点的分析以及混合励磁技术的现状，表明混合励磁技术在新能源汽车驱动电机领域有很强的应用前景。电机未来的发展趋势进行了分析与展望。

[Objective] With the increasing depletion of non-renewable resources and the worsening environmental pollution, new energy vehicles have become an important development direction in the automotive industry. Drive motors are the key components that determine the performance of new energy vehicles. [Methods] This paper provides an overview of the current status of drive motor technology for new energy vehicles, introduces the new hybrid excitation technology and its application in drive motors for new energy vehicles, and offers a prospect for the future development of this technology. [Results] First, four existing types of drive motors for new energy vehicles-DC motor, AC asynchronous motor, switched reluctance motor and permanent magnet synchronous motor-were introduced. Based on an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the existing drive motors, the hybrid excitation motor, which offers higher performance and compatibility with new energy vehicles, was introduced. Second, the driving principle of the hybrid excitation motor was explained. This motor features both permanent magnet excitation and electromagnetic excitation as two magnetic flux sources, which jointly control and regulate the motor’s air-gap magnetic field. It has advantages such as diverse structural forms, high power density, and a wide speed range, making it highly valuable in fields like wide-range magnetic field regulation for drive motors of new energy vehicles. Third, from the perspective of permanent magnet placement, the two different structures of hybrid excitation motors-rotor permanent magnet type and stator permanent magnet type were discussed in detail. Based on this, the control strategies for hybrid excitation technology were summarized, and its application in new energy vehicles was briefly described. Finally, the future development trends of drive motors for new energy vehicles were analyzed and prospected. [Conclusion] Based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the four commonly used motors for new energy vehicles and the current status of hybrid excitation technology, it is concluded that hybrid excitation technology has strong application prospects in the field of drive motors for new energy vehicles.

徐州市重点研发计划资助项目(KC21082);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)