【目的】当今能源转型进程中，光伏发电因清洁环保备受瞩目，并且在能源领域渗透率不断攀升，其出力随机性与波动性给电力系统稳定运行带来挑战，针对光伏发电单元并网容易引发电网的动态响应慢及稳定性差等问题，提出一种光伏混合储能系统。【方法】以光伏发电为主题，在光伏逆变器直流侧引入混合储能系统。针对蓄电池与超级电容各自工作特性，把蓄电池和超级电容经过DC/DC变流器采用有源式接法连接至直流母线，对储能单元单独制定分频控制策略，对光伏发电单元的Boost变换器采用最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)控制，并提出一种基于虚拟同步发电机(VSG)控制的策略来实现光伏逆变器的并网。在两相同步旋转坐标系下建立VSG数学模型，并分析转动惯量J与阻尼D对系统的影响，指出改进方法，进一步推导出自适应参数表达式，并对系统中一些主要关键参数进行设计。最后在Matlab/Simulink中建立光伏混合储能并网仿真模型，并分析在外界条件不变工况下本文所提改进自适应VSG控制策略与传统VSG控制策略控制下系统有功功率的输出，以及在光强变化、负载跳跃和有功功率指令跳跃给定值条件下整个系统的稳定性。【结果】通过观察各个模块相应波形，表明所建立的系统可以根据光伏出力和负载的大小关系，实时调整蓄电池的充放电功率，保证功率平衡，维持母线电压稳定。所提改进自适应VSG控制策略不仅考虑转动惯量变化，同时考虑阻尼系数的变化，可以同时抑制频率偏差率和变化量，与传统VSG控制策略对比能够进一步改善频率响应特性和输出有功响应特性。光伏混合储能分频控制可以快速平抑系统中功率波动情况，充分利用储能系统各自工作特性使系统始终处于一个稳定状态运行，有利于延长蓄电池使用寿命。【结论】仿真结果有力地证实了所提改进自适应VSG控制策略对优化光伏混合储能系统运行效能、助力分布式光伏可靠并网的可行性与优越性，为新能源电力系统稳定管控开拓新思路、提供技术支撑。

[Objective] In the context of ongoing energy transition, photovoltaic power generation has attracted significant attention due to its clean and environmentally friendly nature, and its penetration rate in the energy sector continues to rise. However, the randomness and volatility of its output pose challenges to the stable operation of the power system. To address issues such as slow dynamic response and poor stability caused by grid-connected photovoltaic power generation units, a photovoltaic hybrid energy storage system is proposed. [Methods] With a focus on photovoltaic power generation, a hybrid energy storage system was introduced on the DC side of photovoltaic inverter. Considering the working characteristics of battery and supercapacitor, they were connected to the DC bus through a DC/DC converter using an active connection method. A separate frequency division control strategy was developed for the energy storage unit. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control was applied to the Boost converter of the photovoltaic power generation unit, and a strategy based on virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control was proposed to achieve grid connection of photovoltaic inverter. This paper established the VSG mathematical model in the two-phase synchronous rotating coordinate system, analyzed the impact of moment of inertia J and damping D on the system, pointed out the improvement methods, derived the adaptive parameter expression, and designed key parameters in the system. Finally, a grid-connected simulation model of photovoltaic hybrid energy storage was established in Matlab/Simulink. The active power output of the system was analyzed under the improved adaptive VSG control strategy proposed in this paper and the traditional VSG control strategy, with constant external conditions. Additionally, the stability of the entire system was analyzed under the given values of changing light intensity, load jump, and active power command jump. [Results] By observing the corresponding waveforms of each module, it is shown that the developed system can adjust the charging and discharging power of the battery in real time based on the relationship between photovoltaic output and load demand, ensure the power balance, and maintain the voltage stability of the bus. The proposed improved adaptive VSG control strategy not only considers the change in moment of inertia, but also takes into account the change in damping coefficient, which allows it to simultaneously suppress the frequency deviation rate and variation. Compared to the traditional VSG control strategy, it can further improve the frequency response and active power output response characteristics. The photovoltaic hybrid energy storage frequency division control can rapidly mitigate the power fluctuations in the system and make full use of the working characteristics of the energy storage system to maintain stable operation, which is conducive to extending the service life of the battery. [Conclusion] The simulation results strongly validate the feasibility and advantages of the proposed improved adaptive VSG control strategy in optimizing the operational efficiency of the photovoltaic hybrid energy storage system and supporting the reliable grid connection of distributed photovoltaic systems. Moreover, it provides new insights and technical support for the stable management and control of new energy power systems.