【目的】为有效抑制永磁同步电机运行中产生的电磁振动和噪声，提升其静音性能以满足电动汽车、精密设备等应用需要。本文以一台额定功率2 kW的气隙偏心分数槽嵌入式永磁同步电机为研究对象，并对其电磁振动特性及优化方法进行了系统分析。【方法】首先，通过电磁解析计算和二维瞬态场有限元分析，从电机本体角度评估偏心转子结构对关键阶次的径向电磁力波及其引发的电磁振动的改善效果；其次，建立场路耦合联合仿真分析模型，对比研究比例积分控制、最大转矩电流比控制和模型预测电流控制策略下的电磁振动特性；最后，搭建样机振动测试平台，得到样机在不同控制策略下的振动加速度频谱特性，验证仿真模型的可靠性。【结果】研究结果表明，偏心转子结构下，电机二阶、四阶等关键阶次的径向电磁力波幅值降低，使得集中在二阶模态频率附近的振动响应得到削弱，其中额定负载下的振动加速度峰值降低了47.9%。【结论】转子偏心设计可以有效降低结构共振风险，模型预测电流控制能够更好地抑制电流谐波带来的额外振动。本研究为电机的电磁振动和噪声优化提供了有效参考。

[Objective] To effectively suppress the electromagnetic vibration and noise generated during the operation of permanent magnet synchronous motors and enhance their silent performance to meet the application requirements of electric vehicles, precision equipment, etc. A fractional-slot interior permanent magnet synchronous motor with air-gap eccentricity with a rated power of 2 kW is taken as the research object in this paper. And its electromagnetic vibration characteristics and optimization methods are systematically analyzed. [Methods] Firstly, through electromagnetic analytical calculations and two-dimensional transient field finite element analysis, the improvement effects of the eccentric rotor on radial electromagnetic force waves at key orders and resulting vibrations were evaluated from the motor design perspective. Secondly, a field-circuit coupled co-simulation model was established to comparatively analyze electromagnetic vibration characteristics under proportional integral control, maximum torque per ampere control and model predictive current control strategies. Finally, a vibration test platform for the prototype was constructed to obtain the spectral characteristics of the vibration acceleration of the prototype under different control strategies and verify the reliability of the simulation model. [Results] The research results showed that with the eccentric rotor structure, the amplitudes of the radial electromagnetic force waves at key orders such as the 2nd and 4th orders of the motor decreased, weakening the vibration response concentrated near the modal frequency of the 2nd order. Among them, the peak value of the vibration acceleration under the rated load decreased by 47.9%. [Conclusion] Rotor eccentricity design can effectively reduce the risk of structural resonance. Model predictive current control can better suppress the additional vibration caused by current harmonics. This study provides an effective reference for the optimization of electromagnetic vibration and noise of motors.

国家自然科学基金(52477070)