【目的】本文针对高功率密度导致的电机温升过高问题，以高功率密度电动尾桨电机驱动系统为研究对象，系统开展了电机热特性和散热结构的性能优化研究。通过改进电机散热拓扑结构，旨在提升电机的散热效率，最终实现电机功率密度的提升。【方法】开展系统级散热翅片耦合一体化优化设计，通过对电机系统周围风场进行仿真计算，从而优化系统级散热翅片排布方式；设计9种不同散热拓扑结构并对散热效率进行仿真验证，得到最优的翅片拓扑结构。最后通过有限元法对流体场和温度场进行仿真计算，验证了研究工作的准确性。【结果】仿真结果表明，当电机与控制器壳体散热金属翅呈50%角度交错布置时，壳体周边风场产生紊流，增强散热效果；采用多层方孔型散热拓扑结构兼具生产加工可行性和高散热效率，与传统散热翅结构相比，其散热效率可提升9.3%。【结论】本文所提系统散热方案可显著提升电机散热效率，为后续航空电机散热结构设计积累了实践经验。

[Objective] Aiming at the problem that the relatively high temperature rise caused by high power density affects the power of the motor, this paper takes the high-power-density electric tail rotor motor drive system as the research object and systematically carries out the optimization work on the performance of the motor’s thermal characteristics and heat dissipation structure. The purpose is to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the motor by modifying the topological structure of the motor’s heat dissipation, and ultimately increase the power density of the motor. [Methods] This study presented a systematic integrated optimization design for system-level heat-dissipation fin coupling. Through computational fluid dynamics simulations of the airflow field surrounding the motor system, the spatial arrangement of heat-dissipation fins-key components of the system was optimized to enhance thermal management performance. Subsequently, nine different heat dissipation topological structures were designed and their efficiency was verified through simulation, resulting in the optimal fin topology. Finally, the accuracy of the research was confirmed by simulating the fluid and temperature fields using the finite element method. [Results] Simulation results demonstrated that when the heat-dissipating metal fins of the motor and the controller housing were arranged alternately at a 50-degree angle, turbulent flow was generated in the airflow field surrounding the housing, effectively enhancing the heat-dissipation performance. The multi-layer square-hole heat-dissipation topology not only offers favorable manufacturability and processability but also achieves high heat-dissipation efficiency. Compared with conventional heat-dissipation fin structures, this innovative design boosted heat-dissipation efficiency by 9.3%. [Conclusion] The systematic thermal management solution proposed in this paper can significantly improve the motor cooling efficiency, accumulating practical experience for the subsequent thermal structure design of aviation motors.