【目的】为给双三相永磁同步电机(DTP-PMSM)缺相故障诊断方法的选择和容错控制策略的制定提供重要的理论依据和技术参考,本文研究了DTP-PMSM发生缺相故障时的特性,包含电流、电压、转矩、铜耗和效率等,以及故障对电机造成的影响。【方法】首先,简单介绍了DTP-PMSM的矢量空间全解耦控制。其次,基于双三相矢量空间全解耦理论和双dq变换理论,根据故障时电机的不对称系统特性,采用对称分量法,给出了DTP-PMSM发生缺相故障时的电流通用表达式。然后对转矩、铜耗、效率和不同坐标系下的电压等进行了系统分析和评估,并与正常运行时的电机性能进行了对比。最后进行了DTP-PMSM正常和缺相运行试验,并从时域和矢量图两个角度,将试验结果与理论分析和仿真结果进行了对比。【结果】试验结果表明,DTP-PMSM采用矢量空间全解耦控制且发生缺相故障时,电机剩余健康相的相电流幅值增大,基波子空间中的iαβ和uαβ的轨迹发生畸变,谐波电流和谐波电压增大。同时铜耗的直流量增加了38.09%,电磁转矩的二次谐波增大为其直流量的40.76%,效率降低了11.85%。【结论】试验结果验证了本文所提DTP-PMSM缺相故障特性理论分析和仿真结果的正确性,为后续DTP-PMSM缺相故障容错控制和故障检测提供了支持。

[Objective] To provide important theoretical basis and technical references for the selection of open phase fault diagnosis methods and the formulation of fault-tolerant control strategies for the dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (DTP-PMSM), this paper investigates the fault characteristics of the DTP-PMSMs with open phase, including the current, voltage, torque, copper loss, and efficiency, as well as the impacts of the faults on the motor. [Methods] Firstly, the vector space completely decoupling control of DTP-PMSM was briefly introduced. Secondly, based on the dual three-phase vector space completely decoupling theory and dual-dq transform theory, the general expression of the current of DTP-PMSM with open phase fault was given by using the symmetric component method according to the asymmetric system characteristics of the motor during the fault. Then, the torque, copper loss, efficiency and voltage in different coordinate systems were systematically analyzed and evaluated and compared with the performance of the motor during normal operation. Finally, experiments were conducted on the DTP-PMSM under both normal and open phase operation, comparing the experimental results with theoretical analysis and simulation results from time-domain and vector diagram perspectives. [Results] The experimental results indicated that when the DTP-PMSM adopted vector space completely decoupling control and experienced an open phase fault, the amplitude of the remaining healthy phase currents increased. The trajectory of iαβ and uαβ in the fundamental subspace became distorted, and the harmonic currents and voltages escalated. At the same time, the DC component of copper loss increased by 38. 09%, the second harmonic torque increased up to 40.76% of its DC component, and the efficiency decreased by 11.85%. [Conclusion] The experimental results validate the correctness of the theoretical analysis and simulation results on the open phase fault characteristics of the DTP-PMSM proposed in this paper, and provide support for subsequent fault-tolerant control and fault detection in DTP-PMSM under open phase fault conditions.