【目的】针对无刷直流电机(BLDCM)直接转矩控制(DTC)系统转矩脉动大的问题，本文提出了一种基于开绕组无刷直流电机(OW-BLDCM)的模型预测转矩控制(MPTC)方法。【方法】首先，建立OW-BLDCM数学模型，将传统开关矢量集进行扩充，提出一类单相导通的电压矢量以增加电压适配性。其次，依据传统DTC开关矢量表方法，在需要转矩增大时，采用对应扇区的大矢量和单相矢量提升转矩；而在转矩需要降低时，除了对应扇区的电压矢量外，通过模型预测控制方法，滚动优化遍历矢量，择优挑选出最优作用的电压矢量。再者，利用仿真软件验证所提控制方法以及所采用的电机拓扑对转矩脉动的抑制情况，观察控制方法的转矩等参数的控制效果。最后，在一套OW-BLDCM的DTC试验平台上进行实物试验。【结果】结果表明，和传统DTC方法相比，本文所提MPTC方法在额定运行条件下将转矩脉动抑制率提升4.1%，在中速以及低速情况下可大幅抑制转矩脉动。本文所提方法动态响应快、响应时间短，仅需要1.706 ms，相对于DTC的1.209 ms相差无异。【结论】本文研究证明了所提基于OW-BLDCM的MPTC方法可有效降低该电机的转矩脉动，提高控制灵活性，为OW-BLDCM的高效控制提供了新思路。

[Objective] To address the issue of large torque ripple in the direct torque control (DTC) system of brushless DC motor (BLDCM), this paper proposes a model predictive torque control (MPTC) method based on the open-winding brushless DC motor (OW-BLDCM). [Methods] First, a mathematical model of the OW-BLDCM was established, and the traditional voltage vector set was expanded by introducing a class of single-phase conducting voltage vectors to improve voltage adaptability. Next, based on the conventional DTC switching vector table, when torque needed to be increased, large vectors and single-phase vectors from the corresponding sector were used to increase torque. When torque needed to be reduced, in addition to the corresponding sector’s voltage vector, a model predictive control method was applied to roll and optimize the vector set, selecting the most effective voltage vector. Furthermore, simulation software was used to validate the proposed control method and the motor topology in terms of torque ripple suppression, observing the control effectiveness of torque and other parameters. Finally, physical experiments were conducted on an OW-BLDCM DTC platform. [Results] The results showed that the proposed MPTC method, compared to traditional DTC, achieved a 4.1% improvement in torque ripple suppression under rated operating conditions. The suppression of torque ripple was significantly enhanced at moderate and low speeds. Additionally, the proposed method in this study inherited the fast dynamic response characteristic, with a response time of only 1.706 ms, which was virtually identical to the 1.209 ms response time of DTC. [Conclusion] This study demonstrates that the proposed MPTC method for OW-BLDCM effectively reduces torque ripple and enhances control flexibility, providing a new approach for the efficient control of OW-BLDCM.

国家自然科学基金(51407095);江苏省研究生科研实践创新项目(KYCX25_2009,SJCX25_0718,SJCX25_0711)