【目的】针对小型分布式能源系统中风力资源利用效率不高的问题，本文提出并研究了一种改进阻力型垂直轴风机(VAWT)的性能特性。【方法】以传统Savonius风机为基础，通过增加扇叶数量并优化叶片扭度设计，提升风机的起动能力与发电效率。采用CFD方法对风轮结构进行仿真分析，从空气动力学角度探讨了不同扭角度和起动风速下风轮的流固耦合行为，重点分析了压力分布、流场变化及受力特性。在此基础上，结合风轮的转矩特性，利用Matlab构建风机系统的数学模型，并引入滑模直接转矩控制方法，实现了发电过程的动态仿真。【结果】对电压、电流等关键发电特性曲线的分析，并与实测数据进行对比验证，结果表明所建立的模型具有良好的准确性和工程适用性。【结论】研究成果为阻力型VAWT的结构优化与智能控制提供了理论支持与实践参考，对推动小型风力发电设备在分布式能源系统中的应用具有重要意义。

[Objective] Aiming at the problem of inefficient utilization of wind resources in small-scale distributed energy systems, this paper proposes and studies the performance characteristics of an improved drag-type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). [Methods] Based on the traditional Savonius wind turbine, the starting ability and power generation efficiency of the wind turbine were improved by increasing the number of fan blades and optimizing the design of blade torsion. The simulation analysis of the wind turbine structure was carried out by using the CFD method, and the fluid-structure coupling behavior of the wind turbine was discussed from the aerodynamic point of view at different twist angles and starting wind speeds, with emphasis on the analysis of the pressure distribution, the change of the flow field and the force characteristics. On this basis, combined with the torque characteristics of the wind turbine, the mathematical model of the wind turbine system was constructed using Matlab, and the sliding mode direct torque control method was introduced to realize the dynamic simulation of the power generation process. [Results] By analyzing the key power generation characteristic curves such as voltage and current, and comparing and verifying them with the measured data, the results showed that the established model had good accuracy and engineering applicability. [Conclusion] The research results provide theoretical support and practical reference for the structural optimization and intelligent control of resistance-type vertical-axis wind turbine, which is of great significance for promoting the application of small wind power generation equipment in distributed energy systems.

江苏省研究生实践创新计划项目(SJCX25-0711)