【目的】单转子压缩机具有体积小、可靠性高以及成本效益显著的优势，因此被广泛应用于家用空调领域。然而，单转子压缩机转子旋转时产生的不平衡离心力导致其负载存在周期性波动，产生转速脉动和振动噪声，且在压缩机低频运行时更加严重。为解决此问题，本文提出了一种基于极值搜索算法(ESA)的压缩机转速脉动抑制方法，旨在提高压缩机在低频工况下的转速稳定性。【方法】首先，分析了单转子压缩机正常工作时的负载特性。在此基础上，提出了一种根据负载转矩直流分量和基波分量的叠加值构造前馈补偿电流的控制方法。然后，证明了在补偿增益和相位偏移角变化时，电机转速波动幅值存在极值，并利用ESA根据转速波动幅值动态调节补偿电流的幅值和相位偏移角，从而实现自适应转速脉动抑制。最后，针对传统ESA存在的收敛速度缓慢问题，提出了一种基于不完全微分比例积分微分控制的改进型ESA，以提升响应速度。【结果】利用Plecs软件进行仿真，结果表明在中低速或者变转矩工况下，采用基于传统ESA的电流补偿方法后，压缩机转速脉动得到了大幅抑制；采用基于本文所提改进型ESA的电流补偿方法后，相较于传统ESA，在保证稳态性能的同时提升了算法的收敛速度，优化了动态性能。【结论】本文所提基于改进型ESA的压缩机转速脉动抑制方法能实现各种工况下前馈补偿电流幅值和相位偏移角的最优调节，有效减小负载转矩波动导致的转速脉动，为压缩机驱动系统的控制优化和各种先进算法的结合提供了新思路。

[Objective] Single-rotor compressors are widely used in household air-conditioners because of their compact size, high reliability and significant cost-effectiveness. However, the unbalanced centrifugal forces generated by the rotor rotation of single-rotor compressor lead to periodic load fluctuations, consequently resulting in speed ripples and associated vibration noise. These issues are particularly pronounced at low-frequency operation of the compressor. To address these issues, this paper proposes a speed ripple suppression method for compressors based on extremum seeking algorithm(ESA), aiming to enhance speed stability of the compressor under low-frequency operating conditions. [Methods] Firstly, the load characteristics of the single-rotor compressor during normal operation were analyzed. Based on this analysis, a control method was proposed to construct a feedforward compensation current based on the superimposed value of the DC component and fundamental component of the load torque. Then, the existence of extremum of motor speed fluctuation amplitude as the compensation gain and phase offset angle varied was demonstrated, and the ESA was used to dynamically adjust the amplitude and phase offset angle of the compensation current according to the speed fluctuation amplitude, so as to realize adaptive speed ripple suppression. Finally, an improved ESA based on incomplete derivative proportional integral derivative control was proposed to improve the response speed in view of the slow convergence speed problem of the traditional ESA. [Results] Using Plecs software for simulation, the results showed that in the low and medium speed or variable torque conditions, the compressor speed ripple was greatly suppressed after using the current compensation method based on the traditional ESA. The current compensation method based on the improved ESA proposed in this paper, compared with the traditional ESA, improved the convergence speed of the algorithm and optimized the dynamic performance while guaranteeing the steady state performance. [Conclusion] The speed ripple suppression method for compressors based on improved ESA proposed in this paper can achieve the optimal regulation of feedforward compensation current amplitude and phase offset angle under various operating conditions, effectively reduce the speed ripple caused by the load torque fluctuation, and provide a new perspective for optimizing compressor drive system control and integrating advanced control algorithms.

国家自然基金(52077100)