【目的】针对风电并网功率波动问题，本文提出了一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)与线性自抗扰控制(LADRC)的风机转子动能功率平滑策略，以解决传统方法相位延迟、抗扰能力不足的问题。【方法】首先，建立永磁直驱风力发电系统的空气动力学模型和数学模型；其次，设计LADRC用于转速环控制，同时提出基于EKF的转子动能算法，动态更新噪声统计特性并优化功率指令估计；最后，通过搭建仿真模型，在高风速区湍流和额定风速区湍流工况下将本文所提EKF-LADRC策略与传统比例积分(PI)控制及自抗扰控制(ADRC)进行对比分析。【结果】仿真结果表明，在高风速区湍流工况下，相较于PI控制和ADRC，EKF-LADRC将功率标准差分别降低了87.5%、69.5%，并将转速波动抑制在0.02 r/min；在额定风速区湍流工况下，功率输出平滑性显著提升。仿真结果验证了所提策略在不同风况下抑制功率波动的有效性。【结论】本文所提基于EKF的转子动能算法与LADRC协同策略能够显著降低功率波动，增强系统鲁棒性。EKF的自适应噪声估计消除了传统滤波器的相位延迟；LADRC的扰动补偿确保了对湍流风速的快速响应。该策略不仅在动态性能上优于传统方法，还能在极端工况下保持运行稳定性，其计算高效性和工程可实现性对需要严格电能质量标准的高比例可再生能源电网具有重要应用价值。

[Objective] Aiming at the wind power grid-connected power fluctuation problem, this paper proposes a wind turbine rotor kinetic power smoothing strategy based on extended Kalman filter (EKF) and linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC), in order to solve the problems of phase lag and insufficient disturbance rejection capabilities of the traditional methods. [Methods] Firstly, the aerodynamic model and mathematical model of the permanent magnet direct drive wind power generation system were established. Secondly, the LADRC was designed for the speed loop control, and the rotor kinetic energy algorithm based on EKF was proposed to dynamically update the noise statistical characteristics and optimize the power command estimation. Finally, the simulation model was constructed, and the proposed EKF-LADRC strategy was compared and analyzed with the traditional proportional integral (PI) control and active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) under the turbulence conditions of the high wind speed region and the rated wind speed region. [Results] The simulation results showed that, under turbulent condition in the high wind speed region, EKF-LADRC reduced the power standard deviation by 87.5% and 69.5%, respectively, compared to PI control and ADRC, and suppressed the speed fluctuation to 0.02 r/min. And the power output smoothing was significantly improved under turbulent condition in the rated wind speed region. Simulation results verified the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in suppressing power fluctuations under different wind conditions. [Conclusion] The synergistic strategy of EKF-based rotor kinetic energy algorithm and LADRC proposed in this paper can significantly reduce the power fluctuation and enhance the system robustness. The adaptive noise estimation capability of EKF successfully eliminates the phase lag in traditional filter, and LADRC disturbance compensation mechanism ensures rapid response to turbulent wind conditions. The strategy not only outperforms the traditional methods in terms of dynamic performance, but also maintains operational stability under extreme operating conditions, and its computationally efficient and engineering realizability are of great value for applications in high percentage renewable energy grids that require stringent power quality standards.

国家自然科学基金(52477045)