【目的】多相自励磁同步电机(SESM)的电磁转矩由励磁磁场和定子绕组磁场作用产生，励磁磁场由谐波-励磁绕组建立。然而现有研究未对谐波-励磁绕组分布结构与励磁绕组磁链的关系进行充分讨论，限制了电磁转矩的进一步提升。因此，本文对谐波-励磁绕组分布结构进行优化以提升电磁转矩。【方法】首先，通过分析多相SESM的励磁原理，研究了谐波-励磁绕组分布结构对励磁磁链的影响机理；然后，根据影响机理，提出了一种将感应电势相位相同的谐波绕组进行串联，将多个串联支路进行并联的优化策略；其次，分析所提优化策略的耦合机理，使谐波-励磁绕组与定子绕组之间形成解耦；最后，基于Ansys Maxwell构建电机有限元仿真模型，将传统方案和优化方案进行对比。【结果】仿真结果表明，在100 r/min转速下，与传统方案相比，优化方案的励磁绕组感应电势增强了74.5%，励磁电流提升了57.2%，电磁转矩提升了56.9%。【结论】本文设计的谐波-励磁绕组结构优化方案在零低速域下有效提升了电磁转矩，增强了励磁效果。

[Objective] The electromagnetic torque of multi-phase self-excited synchronous motor (SESM) is generated by the interaction of the excitation magnetic field and the stator winding magnetic field, with the excitation magnetic field established by the harmonic-excitation windings. However, existing studies have not thoroughly discussed the relationship between the harmonic-excitation windings distribution structure and the excitation winding flux linkage, which limits further improvement of the electromagnetic torque. Therefore, this paper focuses on optimizing the harmonic-excitation windings distribution structure to enhance the electromagnetic torque. [Methods] Firstly, by analyzing the excitation principle of the multi-phase SESM, the influence mechanism of harmonic-excitation windings distribution structure on excitation magnetic flux linkage was studied. Secondly, based on the influence mechanism, an optimization strategy was proposed whereby harmonic winding with identical induced electromotive force phase were connected in series, and multiple series branches were then connected in parallel. Thirdly, the coupling mechanism of the proposed optimization strategy was analyzed, enabling decoupling between the harmonic-excitation windings and the stator winding. Finally, an finite element simulation model of the motor was built based on Ansys Maxwell to compare the traditional scheme and optimized scheme. [Results] The simulation results showed that, at the speed of 100 r/min, the optimized scheme achieved a 74.5% increase in the excitation winding induced electromotive force, a 57.2% increase in excitation current and a 56.9% increase in electromagnetic torque compared to the traditional scheme. [Conclusion] The optimized scheme of harmonic-excitation windings structure designed in this paper effectively improves the electromagnetic torque at zero-low speed domain and enhances the excitation effect.

国家自然科学基金(52307072);福建科技计划-STS院省合作项目(2023T3046, 2023T3015);内蒙古北方稀土新材料技术创新中心有限公司支持项目(CXZX-D-202402-0013)