【目的】随着电动汽车的发展，VIENNA整流器作为新能源汽车充电桩的关键设备也得到广泛应用。但VIENNA整流器接入电网时会向电网注入谐波，针对其交直流侧谐波耦合机制不明确的问题，本文建立了VIENNA整流器的谐波状态空间(HSS)模型。【方法】首先，基于HSS理论对VIENNA整流器进行建模，推导出谐波耦合阻抗矩阵；然后，根据耦合阻抗分布图和耦合阻抗幅值图将不同变量之间的谐波耦合传递关系可视化；最后，基于Matlab/Simulink进行仿真，对HSS模型计算结果与Simulink模型仿真结果进行对比以验证HSS模型的准确性。【结果】VIENNA整流器的谐波耦合传递规律为:其交流侧电压k次谐波在交流侧输入电流中耦合出k±2次谐波、在直流侧电压中耦合出k±1次谐波的跨频次传递关系。向HSS模型和Simulink仿真模型中注入10V/6次谐波扰动，结果表明不同关键变量均受到影响，但这些关键变量的两种模型小信号波形基本重合，误差较小，验证了本文所建立的HSS模型的准确性。【结论】本文所建立的HSS模型能准确反映VIENNA整流器交直流侧的谐波耦合传递规律，为设计整流器参数、制定抑制频率耦合现象的有效措施提供理论依据。

[Objective] With the development of electric vehicles, the VIENNA rectifier, as a key component of new energy vehicle charging stations, has also been widely applied. However, when connected to the grid, the VIENNA rectifier injects harmonics into the grid. To address the unclear mechanism of harmonic coupling between its AC and DC sides, this paper establishes a harmonic state space (HSS) model of the VIENNA rectifier. [Methods] Firstly, based on the HSS theory, the VIENNA rectifier was modelled, and the harmonic coupling impedance matrix was derived. Secondly, based on the coupling impedance distribution diagram and the coupling impedance amplitude diagram, the harmonic coupling and transmission relationships between different variables were visualized. Finally, simulations were conducted based on Matlab/Simulink to compare the computational results of the HSS model with the simulation results of the Simulink model, thereby validating the accuracy of the HSS model. [Results] The harmonic coupling and transmission characteristics of the VIENNA rectifier exhibited a cross-frequency transmission relationship whereby the kth harmonic in the AC-side voltage coupled out the k±2th harmonics in the AC-side input current, and the k±1th harmonic in the DC-side voltage. A 10V/6th harmonic disturbance was injected into both the HSS model and the Simulink simulation model, the results indicated that all key variables were affected. However, the small-signal waveforms of these key variables in both models were largely consistent, with minimal discrepancies. This validated the accuracy of the HSS model established in this paper. [Conclusion] The model established in this paper can accurately reflect the harmonic coupling and transmission laws between the AC and DC sides of the VIENNA rectifier, providing a theoretical basis for the parameter design of the converter and the formulation of effective measures to suppress frequency coupling phenomena.

国家能源集团科技创新项目(GJNY-23-138);国家自然科学基金(52277205)