【目的】为提高永磁同步电机(PMSM)控制系统的性能，针对不同应用场景选择合适的电流控制策略至关重要。本文围绕基于滞环电流控制(HCC)、比例积分(PI)控制、滑模控制(SMC)的矢量控制，以及模型预测电流控制(MPCC)和无差拍电流控制(DBCC)五种电流控制策略进行对比研究，旨在揭示不同控制策略在不同工况下的性能差异，为实际应用中的策略选择提供依据。【方法】本文采用仿真与试验相结合的研究方法，基于Matlab/Simulink构建了不同控制策略下PMSM系统的离散化仿真模型，通过设置不同负载、转速及控制参数，评估各种策略的动态响应和稳态精度。同时，搭建电机对拖试验平台，在相同工况下进行试验，对比分析仿真与实测的电流、转速波形，验证控制策略的实际性能。【结果】仿真和试验结果表明，采用空间矢量调制的DBCC策略性能更优。HCC和MPCC施加电压矢量作用整个采样周期，产生较大的电流脉动。DBCC实时性最好，HCC次之，PI控制和SMC两者基本相当，MPCC实时性最差。当负载突变时，HCC转速跌落最小，其余四种控制策略转速跌落基本相当。MPCC恢复时间最短，HCC次之，另外三种控制策略基本相当。【结论】综合比较上述电流控制策略的控制性能和实时性能，PMSM的DBCC性能与实时性均较好。

[Objective] To enhance the performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control systems, selecting an appropriate current control strategy for different application scenarios is crucial. This paper conducts a comparative study of five current control strategies: vector control based on hysteresis current control (HCC), proportional-integral (PI) control, and sliding mode control (SMC), as well as model predictive current control (MPCC) and deadbeat current control (DBCC). The study aims to reveal the performance differences of these strategies under various operating conditions, providing a basis for selecting the most suitable strategy in practical applications. [Methods] This study adopted a combined research methodology of simulation and experimentation. Discretized simulation models of the PMSM system under different control strategies were developed based on Matlab/Simulink. The dynamic response and steady-state accuracy of each strategy were evaluated by applying various loads, speeds, and control parameters. Meanwhile, a motor back-to-back test platform was built, and experiments were conducted under the same operating conditions. The simulation and experimental current and speed waveforms were comparatively analyzed, and the actual performance of the control strategy was validated. [Results] The simulation and experimental results indicated that the DBCC strategy employing space vector modulation exhibited superior performance. In HCC and MPCC, the voltage vector was applied throughout the entire sampling period, resulting in significant current ripple. The DBCC demonstrated the best real-time performance, followed by HCC, while PI control and SMC showed comparable results, and MPCC had the poorest real-time performance. During load transients, the speed drop was minimized by HCC, with the other four control strategies exhibiting similar speed drops. The recovery time was shortest for MPCC, followed by HCC, while the remaining three strategies showed comparable recovery times. [Conclusion] By comprehensively comparing the control performance and real-time performance of the above current control strategies, the DBCC for PMSM demonstrates superior performance in both aspects