【目的】三相逆变器在运行过程中由于死区的存在，导致输出电压和输出电流中出现高次谐波，尤其采用较高开关频率的开关器件时，会引发严重的开关振荡现象。针对传统死区补偿方法存在的计算复杂问题，本文提出了一种基于电压直接计算的逆变器改进死区补偿方法，有效简化了传统死区补偿方法的计算步骤。【方法】首先，分析了电压空间矢量调制死区时间对电机相电压和相电流的影响机理。然后，提出基于电压中性点相电流极性测定的死区补偿方法。该方法通过电压中间值相电流的不同极性，分段计算电压矢量导通时间来补偿电压，降低了传统死区补偿方法的计算复杂性。最后，通过仿真和试验，对所提方法的有效性进行了验证。【结果】仿真结果表明，实施补偿方法前后，A相输出电流总谐波失真(THD)由7.29%降为3.45%。试验结果表明，施加死区补偿策略后，电流THD低于4%，而无死区补偿时，THD高于6%。【结论】本文所提策略能有效减少死区效应带来的影响，提升输出电压和输出电流的波形质量。

[Objective] The existence of dead-time in the operation of a three-phase inverter results in the generation of high-order harmonics in both the output voltage and output current. Specifically, when switching devices with a relatively high switching frequency are employed, severe switching oscillation will be induced. To address the problem of complex calculation associated with traditional dead-time compensation methods, this paper proposes an improved dead-time compensation method of inverters based on direct voltage calculation, which significantly simplifies the calculation process of the traditional approaches. [Methods] Firstly, the influence mechanism of dead-time in voltage space vector modulation on the phase voltage and phase current of the motor was analyzed. Then, a dead-time compensation method based on the polarity determination of the phase current at the voltage neutral point was proposed. This method compensated the voltage by calculating the voltage vector conduction time in segments according to the different polarities of the phase current at the voltage midpoint, which reduced the computational complexity of the traditional dead-time compensation methods. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through simulations and experiments. [Results] The simulation results showed that before and after the implementation of the compensation method, the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the phase A output current was reduced from 7.29% to 3.45%. Experimental results demonstrated that with the proposed dead-time compensation strategy applied, the phase current THD was below 4%, whereas the THD exceeded 6% without dead-time compensation. [Conclusion] The strategy proposed in this paper can effectively mitigate the impacts caused by the dead-time effect and improve the waveform quality of the output voltage and output current.

湖北省自然科学基金(联合基金重点)项目(2025AFD028)