【目的】电磁振动特性是车用内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)的核心性能指标,直接决定其运行稳定性,并对噪声控制效果起关键作用。现有研究多集中于IPMSM正常运行状态下的电磁振动特征,却未充分关注实际工况中定子与转子形变对电磁振动的显著影响。【方法】本文围绕定子形变及转子机械应力形变引起的气隙形变,通过推导形变后的气隙磁导函数,进而推导气隙不均匀状态下IPMSM的径向电磁力表达式,并通过有限元仿真验证。最后计算气隙形变前后机壳表面等效辐射功率级的差异以明确振动噪声的变化规律。【结果】仿真结果表明:定子内圆形变会按不同形变波数通过磁导调制引入(n±m)p±ks(ks=1,2,3…8)阶次的力波,转子机械形变通过磁导调制产生(n±m±2k)p阶次的力波,并增大固有力波的幅值。定子内圆形变调制出的低阶力波容易在低转速下与低阶模态耦合,产生不可忽视的振动噪声;转子机械形变在高转速下会增大固有力波幅值,从而加剧振动。【结论】本文揭示了IPMSM定/转子形变与电磁振动的关联机制,为高转速工况下的隔磁桥优化、低阶模态解耦等设计提供了理论依据。

[Objective] Electromagnetic vibration characteristics are a core performance indicator of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) for electric vehicles, directly determining their operational stability and playing a key role in noise control. Current research primarily focuses on the electromagnetic vibration features of IPMSM under normal operating conditions, while insufficient attention has been paid to the significant impact of stator and rotor deformations in practical scenarios. [Methods] This study focused on the air gap deformation caused by stator deformation and rotor mechanical stress deformation. The air gap permeance function after deformation was derived, and the expression of radial electromagnetic force for IPMSM under non-uniform air gap conditions was subsequently derived. Finite element simulations were conducted for validation. Finally, the difference in equivalent radiated power level on the motor housing surface before and after air gap deformation was calculated to clarify the variation patterns of vibration and noise. [Results] The simulation results demonstrated that: force waves of (n±m)p±ks orders (ks=1,2,3…8) were introduced by stator inner circular deformation through magnetic permeance modulation, depending on different deformation wave numbers. (n±m±2k)p-order force waves were generated by rotor mechanical deformation via the same modulation mechanism, and the amplitudes of inherent force waves were amplified. The low-order force waves modulated by stator deformation were found to easily couple with low-order structural modes at low rotational speeds, leading to non-negligible vibration noise. The inherent electromagnetic force wave amplitude was increased by rotor mechanical deformation at high speeds, leading to aggravated vibration. [Conclusion] This study reveals the correlation mechanism between stator/rotor deformation and electromagnetic vibration in IPMSM, providing a theoretical basis for the optimization of flux barriers and low-order modal decoupling under high-speed operating conditions.

辽宁省博士科研启动基金计划项目(2025-BS-0809)