【目的】针对传统无位置传感器无刷直流电机(BLDCM)在中低速及换相区位置信息不准确、换相电流调控能力不足,导致转矩脉动明显和运行平稳性下降的问题,提出一种兼顾位置估计精度与换相区电流调节性能的协同控制方法。【方法】在双矢量场定向控制框架下,对位置观测与电流控制进行协同设计。构建基于双幂次分段光滑滑模观测器(DP-PS-SMO),通过不同幂次项兼顾大误差区快速收敛与小误差区高精度估计,并采用分段光滑函数提高反电动势与电角度估计的连续性。引入有限控制集模型预测电流控制(FCS-MPCC),利用估计电角度预测逆变器有限电压矢量作用下的电流响应,并通过代价函数实现最优电压矢量选择,以抑制换相不连续引起的转矩波动。最后,基于Matlab平台进行仿真验证。【结果】仿真结果表明,所提方法能够减小换相区电流波动并抑制换相误差引起的转矩脉动,与传统无位置传感器控制策略相比,四种工况下转矩脉动均得到明显抑制。【结论】DP-PS-SMO与FCS-MPCC的协同设计,可有效缓解无位置传感器BLDCM中低速及换相区转矩脉动问题,在不增加位置传感器的前提下提升系统运行平稳性与控制可靠性。

[Objective] Aiming at the issues of inaccurate position estimation and insufficient commutation current regulation in traditional sensorless brushless DC motor (BLDCM) at low-to-medium speeds and commutation regions, which lead to significant torque ripple and degraded operational stability, this paper proposes a cooperative control method that balances position estimation accuracy and commutation current regulation performance. [Methods] Within the dual vector field-oriented control framework, the position observation and current control were collaboratively designed. A sliding mode observer based on a double power piecewise smooth (DP-PS-SMO) was constructed, where different power terms were utilized to achieve rapid convergence in large error regions and high-precision estimation in small error regions. Additionally, a piecewise smooth function was employed to enhance the continuity of back electromotive force and electrical angle estimation. Finite control set model predictive current control (FCS-MPCC) was introduced, where the estimated electrical angle was used to predict the current response under the action of the inverter’s finite voltage vectors. The optimal voltage vector was selected through a cost function to suppress torque fluctuations caused by commutation discontinuity. Finally, simulation verification was conducted on the Matlab platform. [Results] The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed method effectively reduced current fluctuations in the commutation region and suppressed torque ripple caused by commutation errors. Compared with traditional sensorless control strategies, torque ripple was significantly mitigated under all four operating conditions. [Conclusion] The cooperative design of DP-PS-SMO and FCS-MPCC effectively mitigates torque ripple issues in sensorless BLDCM at low-to-medium speeds and commutation regions, enhancing system operational stability and control reliability without the need for additional position sensors.

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金（52207041）；辽宁省教育厅高校基本科研项目（JYTQN2023063）