【目的】本文聚焦于增材制造(3D打印)在电机领域的创新应用,旨在为高性能电机的研发提供理论支撑与实践参考。【方法】首先,从行业背景、工艺原理、技术体系与竞争优势等方面对增材制造技术进行阐述。然后,系统梳理了该技术在电机定子、转子、磁钢、绕组及散热结构等关键部件中的创新应用,以明晰其前沿发展方向。最后,深入分析了增材制造技术在电机制造领域的发展趋势与当前挑战。【结果】截至2023年,全球3D打印产值已突破150亿美元,年复合增长率超过20%。近年来,相关研究人员围绕激光粉末床熔融、粘结剂喷射等主流工艺,分析了高温合金、复合磁性粉末以及导电聚合物等材料适配性,并指出在精度、表面粗糙度和后热处理方面的技术瓶颈。【结论】增材制造技术以其独特的逐层堆积原理与设计自由度,为电机领域带来了从材料制备到系统集成的全方位变革。

[Objective] This paper focuses on the innovative applications of additive manufacturing (3D printing) in the field of electric motors, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical references for the development of high-performance motors. [Methods] Firstly, the additive manufacturing technology is elaborated from aspects such as industry background, process principles, technical systems, and competitive advantages. Then, its innovative applications in key motor components, including stators, rotors, permanent magnets, windings, and cooling structures, are systematically reviewed to clarify its cutting-edge development directions. Finally, the trends and current challenges of additive manufacturing in motor manufacturing are deeply analyzed. [Results] By 2023, the global 3D printing market value has exceeded $15 billion, with a compound annual growth rate of over 20%. In recent years, researchers have analyzed the materials adaptability such as high-temperature alloys, composite magnetic powders, and conductive polymers using mainstream processes like laser powder bed fusion and binder jetting, while identifying technical bottlenecks in precision, surface roughness, and post-heat treatment. [Conclusion] Additive manufacturing technology, with its unique layer-by-layer deposition principle and design freedom, has brought comprehensive transformations to the motor field, ranging from material preparation to system integration.

江苏省研究生实践创新计划项目(SJCX25-0719)