【目的】在能源紧缺与低碳航运的背景下,混合动力船舶的高效能量管理是关键。本文提出了一种改进型多模式功率跟随控制策略,解决了传统方法能耗高、适应性差的问题。【方法】首先,分析船舶混合动力系统整体架构,完成目标船型动力系统参数匹配与模型搭建;其次,以提升系统运行效率为目标,设计改进型多模式功率跟随能量管理策略,并采用分层控制架构:第一层采用分散式动力控制,实现各类供能设备精准最优调控;第二层依托改进型多模式等效成本最小控制策略,统筹优化整体能源消耗,同时实现功率平稳精准追踪。最后,基于Matlab实时仿真平台验证船舶混合动力系统能量管理控制策略的有效性。【结果】仿真结果表明,所提控制策略相对传统控制策略有效减少氢气消耗23.81%。【结论】本文所提控制策略综合考虑了动力电池循环寿命、燃料电池最优工作区间等约束条件,有效延长两类核心动力源使用寿命,缩减船舶整体运营成本,具备良好的实际经济应用价值。

[Objective] In the context of energy scarcity and low-carbon shipping, efficient energy management is critical for hybrid electric vessels. This paper proposes an improved multi-mode power-following control strategy to address the limitations of conventional methods, such as high energy consumption and poor adaptability. [Methods] Firstly, the overall architecture of the hybrid power system was analyzed, and the parameter matching and model construction for the target vessel’s power system were completed. Subsequently, an improved multi-mode power-following energy management strategy was designed with the objective of enhancing system operational efficiency, adopting a hierarchical control architecture: decentralized power control was implemented in the first layer to achieve precise and optimal regulation of various power supply devices; the second layer utilized an improved multi-mode equivalent cost minimization strategy to holistically optimize overall energy consumption while ensuring smooth and accurate power tracking. Finally, the effectiveness of the energy management control strategy for the ship hybrid power system was validated on a Matlab-based real-time simulation platform. [Results] Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed strategy reduced hydrogen consumption by 23.81% compared to conventional strategies. [Conclusion] The proposed control strategy comprehensively considers constraints including power battery cycle life and fuel cell optimal operating range, effectively extending the service life of both core power sources while reducing overall vessel operating costs, demonstrating significant practical economic value.

国家自然科学基金(52377191)