【目的】本文围绕新能源汽车增程器用永磁同步发电机,综合考虑发动机转矩脉动引发的机械抖振,以及电机自身因气隙磁场畸变、逆变器非线性等因素导致的电流畸变问题,开展相关研究。旨在通过优化电机控制算法,提升系统鲁棒性,从而有效抑制来自发动机的振动干扰及电机本体产生的转矩脉动。【方法】为提高转速外环的鲁棒性并抑制发动机转矩脉动带来的抖振,本文以改进后的滑模补偿控制器取代传统的PI控制器。同时,为减小电机自身的转矩脉动,引入了谐波注入算法来针对性地抑制5次、7次电流谐波,从而有效降低谐波电流的影响。【结果】仿真与试验结果表明,所提策略在提升抗扰性能和电流质量上均取得显著效果。在500 r/min、120 N·m阶跃负载工况下,相较于传统PI控制器,改进滑模控制器将转速超调峰值从538 r/min降至532 r/min。同时,谐波注入算法几乎完全消除了5次、7次电流谐波,关键谐波电流分量id5th、id7th和iq7th均被抑制到0,验证了所提策略的有效性。【结论】采用改进滑模控制器,系统鲁棒性增强,在负载扰动下转速恢复快、波动小;采用谐波注入算法,则能有效抑制由逆变器非线性及电机磁场畸变引起的电流谐波,提升电流质量。两者结合,实现了更好的稳态性能。

[Objective] This paper focuses on the permanent magnet synchronous generator used in new energy vehicle range extenders. It addresses the issues of mechanical chattering caused by engine torque ripple and current distortion resulting from air-gap magnetic field distortion and inverter nonlinearities. The aim is to optimize motor control algorithms to enhance system robustness, thereby effectively suppressing vibration interference from the engine and torque ripple generated by the motor itself. [Methods] To improve the robustness of the speed outer loop and suppress chattering caused by engine torque ripple, the traditional PI controller was replaced by an improved sliding mode compensation controller. Meanwhile, to reduce the torque ripple inherent to the motor, a harmonic injection algorithm was introduced to specifically suppress the 5th and 7th current harmonics, thereby effectively mitigating the impact of harmonic currents. [Results] Simulation and experimental results indicated that significant improvements were achieved in both disturbance rejection performance and current quality by the proposed strategy. Under the condition of 500 r/min and a 120 N·m step load, the peak speed overshoot was reduced from 538 r/min to 532 r/min, compared with the traditional PI controller. Meanwhile, the 5th and 7th current harmonics were almost completely eliminated by the harmonic injection algorithm. The key harmonic current components, id5th, id7th, and iq7th, were all suppressed to 0, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. [Conclusion] The improved sliding mode controller enhances system robustness, enabling faster post-disturbance speed recovery and smaller fluctuations. Concurrently, the harmonic injection algorithm effectively suppresses current harmonics caused by inverter nonlinearities and motor magnetic field distortion, improving current quality. The combination of both achieves superior steady-state performance.

创新挑战赛项目立项资金补助(2025YZQ09001)