【目的】针对船舶岸电并网与负载转移过程中,传统固定参数的虚拟同步发电机(VSG)因动态阻尼匮乏,极易引发暂态逆功率及二次功率振荡的问题,提出一种基于惯量与阻尼自适应的主动式逆功率抑制策略。【方法】构建受暂态能量变化规律驱动的参数自适应机制。基于有功偏差与虚拟频率越限状态构建事件触发机制,以驱动VSG虚拟参数的时域动态演化。在逆功率冲击初期,按余弦包络规律增大阻尼以强力吸收不平衡暂态能量;在稳态恢复期,依据扰动极性双向调节转动惯量:并网爬坡阶段减小惯量以加速动态响应,负载突卸阶段增大惯量以平抑频率波动。【结果】Matlab/Simulink仿真表明,在并网合闸与突卸极限负载等强扰动工况下,本文所提自适应VSG控制策略将逆功率跌落深度严格限制在安全阈值以内,有效消除了有功功率的二次欠阻尼振荡,并将系统暂态频率偏移精准钳位在安全范围内。【结论】本文所提自适应VSG控制策略解决了传统VSG在抗冲击与快速恢复之间参数难以兼顾的局限,从底层控制维度实现了岸船电网的安全柔性互联,提升了大容量变频岸电系统在极端工况下的并网鲁棒性。

[Objective] To address the issue of transient reverse power and secondary power oscillations caused by a lack of dynamic damping in traditional fixed-parameter virtual synchronous generators (VSG) during ship-to-shore power grid connection and load transfer processes, this paper proposes an active reverse power suppression strategy based on inertia and damping adaptation. [Methods] An adaptive parameter mechanism driven by transient energy variation was established. An event-triggered mechanism based on active power deviation and virtual frequency over-limit was constructed to drive the time-domain dynamic evolution of VSG virtual parameters. In the initial stage of reverse power impact, the damping was significantly increased following a cosine envelope law to strongly absorb unbalanced transient energy. During the steady-state recovery period, the moment of inertia was bidirectionally adjusted according to the disturbance polarity: it was reduced to accelerate the dynamic response during the grid-connected climbing stage, and it was increased to suppress frequency fluctuations during the sudden load rejection stage. [Results] It was demonstrated via Matlab/Simulink simulations that under strong disturbance conditions such as grid-connection and extreme load rejection, the proposed adaptive VSG control strategy strictly limited the reverse power drop depth within the safety threshold, effectively eliminated the secondary underdamped oscillation of active power, and precisely clamped the transient frequency deviation within the safe range. [Conclusion] The adaptive VSG control strategy proposed in this paper overcomes the limitations of traditional VSG, which struggle to balance impact resistance and fast recovery. It achieves safe and flexible interconnection between the shore and ship power grids from the underlying control dimension, and significantly improves the grid-connection robustness of large-capacity variable-frequency shore power systems under extreme operating conditions.

江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX25_1274)