【目的】针对永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制系统在复杂信号干扰环境下位置估算精度低的问题,本文提出一种自适应带宽线性自抗扰控制(AB-LADRC)策略。【方法】首先,建立包含电流采样噪声、量化误差及零点漂移的多源干扰误差模型,以显式量化系统的不确定性。其次,构建基于三阶线性扩张状态观测器的锁相闭环架构,以动态观测并主动补偿集总扰动。在此基础之上,引入带宽分离滤波策略抑制高频噪声放大。此外,设计自适应带宽调节机制,实现观测参数随实时运行状态的动态优化。【结果】试验结果表明,与传统锁相环策略相比,所提AB-LADRC策略在负载突变时将转速跌落限制在仅7 r/min,并将恢复时间缩短至40 ms以内。进一步地,在强噪声工况下,转速估算的均方根误差下降了69.5%。在12位低分辨率采样下,转速纹波被严格限制在±1.59 r/min以内。同时,由零点漂移引发的次谐波低频脉动幅值衰减了78%。【结论】通过将控制动态与外部噪声解耦,该策略显著提升了系统在恶劣运行工况下的抗噪鲁棒性与高精度伺服性能。

[Objective] To address the issue of low position estimation accuracy in sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor control systems under complex signal interference environments, this paper proposes an adaptive-bandwidth linear active disturbance rejection control (AB-LADRC) strategy. [Methods] Firstly, a multi-source disturbance error model incorporating current sampling noise, quantization errors, and zero-drift was established to explicitly quantify system uncertainties. Secondly, a phase-locked loop closed-loop architecture based on a third-order linear extended state observer was constructed to dynamically observe and actively compensate for the aggregated disturbances. Furthermore, a bandwidth separation filtering strategy was introduced to suppress high-frequency noise amplification. Additionally, an adaptive bandwidth adjustment mechanism was designed to enable the dynamic optimization of observation parameters based on real-time operating states. [Results] The experimental results indicated that, compared with the conventional phase-locked loop strategy, the proposed AB-LADRC strategy limited the speed dip to only 7 r/min during load transient and shortened the recovery time to within 40 ms. Furthermore, under strong noise conditions, the root mean square error of speed estimation decreased by 69.5%. With 12-bit low-resolution sampling, the speed ripple was strictly limited to within ±1.59 r/min. Meanwhile, the amplitude of subharmonic low-frequency pulsation caused by zero-point drift attenuated by 78%. [Conclusion] By decoupling the control dynamics from external noise, the strategy significantly enhances the system’s noise-rejection robustness and high-precision servo performance under harsh operating conditions.