【目的】针对新能源客车表贴式永磁同步电机在负载突变、宽速域运行等复杂工况下,传统混合模型磁链观测器(HMFO)面临的低速积分漂移、高速参数失配及鲁棒性不足的问题,提出一种融合闭环滑模校正与前馈扩张状态观测器(ESO)补偿的改进HMFO控制策略。【方法】在电压-电流混合模型架构下,首先,采用带补偿的一阶低通滤波器串联高通滤波器替代纯积分器以消除直流偏置和积分饱和;其次,构建以两种模型有功磁链差值为滑模面的闭环反馈,利用滑模控制实现误差的有限时间收敛;最后,引入ESO对参数摄动与负载扰动进行前馈补偿,有效抑制滑模抖振并提升稳态观测精度。【结果】仿真结果表明,在负载突变与转速阶跃工况下,改进HMFO的转速峰值误差分别收敛至±0.4 r/min和±0.6 r/min,动态调节时间分别压缩至4 ms和10 ms内;位置角度瞬态误差峰值分别低于1.6×10-5 rad和2.5×10-5 rad,稳态误差无明显高频抖振,观测稳定性显著优于传统方案。【结论】该策略成功兼顾了高动态响应与强鲁棒性,有效克服了传统HMFO的积分漂移与饱和问题,仿真结果初步验证了该方法在新能源客车复杂工况下的应用潜力。

[Objective] To address the issues of low-speed integral drift, high-speed parameter mismatch, and insufficient robustness of the traditional hybrid model flux observer (HMFO) in surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors for new energy buses under complex operating conditions such as sudden load changes and wide-speed-range operation, this study proposes an improved HMFO control strategy that integrates closed-loop sliding mode correction and feedforward extended state observer (ESO) compensation. [Methods] Under the voltage-current hybrid model architecture, a compensated first-order low-pass filter cascaded with a high-pass filter was first employed to replace the pure integrator for the elimination of DC bias and integral saturation. Secondly, a closed-loop feedback with the active flux linkage difference between the two models as the sliding surface was constructed, and the error was driven to converge in finite time by using sliding mode control. Finally, an ESO was introduced to compensate for parameter perturbations and load disturbances in a feedforward manner, which effectively suppressed sliding mode chattering and improved steady-state observation accuracy. [Results] Simulation results showed that under sudden load change and speed step conditions, the peak speed errors of the improved HMFO converged to ±0.4 r/min and ±0.6 r/min, respectively, and the dynamic adjustment times were compressed to within 4 ms and 10 ms, respectively. The transient error peaks of the position angle were reduced to below 1.6×10-5 rad and 2.5×10-5 rad, respectively. No obvious high-frequency chattering was observed in the steady-state error, and the observation stability was significantly superior to that of the traditional scheme. [Conclusion] The strategy successfully balances high dynamic response and strong robustness, effectively overcoming the integral drift and saturation problems of traditional HMFO. Simulation results preliminarily verify the application potential of this method under complex operating conditions of new energy buses.