For the problems of the uncertainty of the vehicle mass and the conversion coefficient of the bus’ rotating mass, and the parameter perturbation of the motor during the regenerative braking process of the electric bus during long downhill running, the model of the electric bus regenerative braking system was constructed. The H∞ robust optimal controller was designed based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI), and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results showed that the H∞ robust optimal control had better robust stability than the traditional speedcurrent speedcurrent doubleclosedloop PI control, and the feedback energy was increased by 2%~3%.