Analysis of the electromagnetic dynamic characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) plays an important role in the research of power transmission system operation and fault diagnosis strategies. The dynamic characteristics of the flux linkage of multi-phase PMSMs are analyzed, and the relation between inductance and rotor position is deduced. Based on the dynamic mathematical model of stator flux linkage of five-phase PMSM, the modeling and simulation of flux linkage and inductance characteristics of five-phase PMSMs under different phase failures are carried out by using MATLAB software. The simulation results are compared and analyzed, and the results can provide theoretical reference for phase failure diagnosis and fault-tolerance control of PMSMs.