The parameters of traditional PID controller cannot be changed in real time with the change of load, which leads to the poor control effect of artillery servo system. In order to solve the problem, a three-closed-loop servo control system based on space vector control is designed. The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is used as the executive motor, and a fuzzy controller optimized by adaptive simulated annealing particle swarm optimization (ASAPSO) is added to the position loop of the system. The proposed controller and traditional PID controller are applied to the position loop of the servo control system. The position response, anti-torque disturbance ability and target tracking ability of the two controllers are compared by building the system simulation model. The results show that the static and dynamic performances of the proposed controller are better than that of the traditional PID controller when the parameters of the fuzzy controller are optimized by ASAPSO. The system can effectively overcome the influence of nonlinear factors such as torque disturbance, and it has good target tracking performance.