On the basis of analyzing the topological structure of the single-phase four-quadrant rectifier of the intercity EMU, the mathematical model of the single-phase four-quadrant rectifier is obtained, and the control strategy of voltage outer loop and current inner loop is adopted. The DC side voltage and the grid side current are used as the control objects to realize the non-difference accurate control. Through Simulink simulation and testing, the proposed control strategy is verfiied. The test results show that during the transition from the pre-charging process to the pulse rectification process, the DC side voltage overshoot is small. Under traction/braking conditions, the phase difference between the grid side voltage and the grid side current is 0°/180°, the waveforms are well sinusoidal, and the DC side voltage is stable with small fluctuations.