In order to make the running process of freight train model close to reality, a smooth switching method of freight train particle model based on acceleration adaptation is proposed. Firstly, the single-point and multi-point models of the train are established, and the adaptive switching between the models is studied based on the change rate of disturbed acceleration deviation. Then, in order to reduce the working energy consumption of the high-power locomotive traction motor, the multi-objective optimization model is established by introducing optimization objectives and constraint conditions of freight train traction control, and a new multi-objective moth-flame optimization (MOMFO) algorithm is proposed to optimize the running process of freight train. Finally, using HXD1 electric locomotive pulling 50 C80 freight cars as the research object, the simulation verifies that the proposed method is of great significance to energy saving and operation process optimization of freight train traction motor.