With the development of more-electric and all-electric, aircraft electrical and electronic equipment has increased greatly, and the constant frequency system can no longer meet the demand of aircraft power. The aircraft power supply system needs to transform from constant frequency system to variable frequency system, and variable frequency generator is the most important equipment in variable frequency system. The traditional PID control adopts fixed parameters and cannot work well in the wide variable frequency power generation system, so a control parameter modification method based on fuzzy backstepping adaptive control algorithm is proposed to improve the adaptability of the voltage regulating system. Combined with the mathematical model of three-stage power generation system, an adaptive law analysis method for uncertain parameters in the voltage regulating system is designed, and a simulation model of the voltage regulating system based on the algorithm is established. The simulation results showed that the fuzzy backstepping adaptive control could effectively suppress the influence of working condition changes on the voltage regulating system, enhance the stability and regulation performance of the voltage regulating system, and this algorithm provides theoretical support for the design of aircraft generator controller.