In order to analyze the performance of the novel permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) and achieve the design of motor structure and the optimization of control, the mathematical model and electromagnetic characteristics are built and studied. The electromagnetic characteristics such as transient time, saturation characteristic and asymmetry are analyzed. Then the mathematical equations of the motor in the abc and dq0 coordinate systems are established to illustrate the electromagnetic coupling relationship. Besides, the equivalent circuit are established and the transient operating characteristics are calculated. Finally, the results of the voltage experimentation and the transient thrust finite element values are compared with that of the analytical calculation. The results are in good agreement and verify the correctness of the mathematical model.