The electrically excited flux switching linear magnetic suspension motor (EEFSLMSM) for rail transit traction systems is taken as the object of study. Firstly, the structure of EEFSLMSM is analyzed, its operating mechanism and the principle of electromagnetic thrust and levitation force generation are studied. Secondly, the mathematical model of EEFSLMSM is established, and the voltage and magnetic chain equations as well as the mathematical expressions of electromagnetic thrust and suspension force of the motor are derived. Then, the magnetic field distribution and no-load back electromotive force waveform of EEFSLMSM are analyzed by Ansys Maxwell, and the magnetic modulation ability of the motor is studied. Finally, the connection between electromagnetic thrust, levitation force and armature current as well as excitation current is obtained through Ansys finite element calculation and analysis. The results verify the feasibility of EEFSLMSM operation and provide a theoretical reference for the design of traction and suspension integration.