[Objective] Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is widely used in servo systems, electric vehicles and other fields, where high requirements exist for motor control accuracy, response speed, and anti-interference ability. The speed control of PMSM mostly adopts proportional integral differential (PID) control. However, the linear structure of traditional PID controllers struggles to provide the precise tracking performance and anti-interference ability required by PMSM when dealing with complex nonlinear systems. In order to address this issue, this paper proposes an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) strategy based on the improved Black-winged Kite algorithm (IBKA). [Methods] Firstly, the PMSM was modeled and analyzed in the d-q coordinate system, and a speed controller for the PMSM was designed. Nonlinear ADRC was used to control the PMSM’s speed loop to enhance the system’s robustness against model uncertainties and external disturbances. The core advantage of ADRC is its ability to estimate and compensate for the total disturbance of the system in real time through the extended state observer, including unmodeled dynamics and external disturbances, thereby achieving precise control of the system state. Secondly, to address the issue of traditional ADRC relying on experience for parameter tuning, an IBKA algorithm that integrated Tent chaotic mapping and Gaussian mutation mechanism was proposed. This algorithm was used to achieve real-time online tuning of ADRC parameters. Finally, simulations based on Matlab/Simulink were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the ADRC strategy based on IBKA optimization proposed in this paper. [Results] The simulation results showed that compared with the traditional proportional integral (PI) control and standard ADRC, the ADRC based on IBKA optimization enabled the PMSM to exhibit good dynamic and static performance, with faster response speed, better tracking accuracy, stronger anti-interference ability, and superior torque control capability. The simulation results not only verified the effectiveness of IBKA in ADRC parameter optimization but also demonstrated the potential of ADRC in improving PMSM control performance. [Conclusion] The control strategy proposed in this paper provides an effective solution for PMSM in high precision, high dynamic, and high anti-interference applications, with important theoretical significance and practical value.