[Objective] Aiming at the problem of inefficient utilization of wind resources in small-scale distributed energy systems, this paper proposes and studies the performance characteristics of an improved drag-type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). [Methods] Based on the traditional Savonius wind turbine, the starting ability and power generation efficiency of the wind turbine were improved by increasing the number of fan blades and optimizing the design of blade torsion. The simulation analysis of the wind turbine structure was carried out by using the CFD method, and the fluid-structure coupling behavior of the wind turbine was discussed from the aerodynamic point of view at different twist angles and starting wind speeds, with emphasis on the analysis of the pressure distribution, the change of the flow field and the force characteristics. On this basis, combined with the torque characteristics of the wind turbine, the mathematical model of the wind turbine system was constructed using Matlab, and the sliding mode direct torque control method was introduced to realize the dynamic simulation of the power generation process. [Results] By analyzing the key power generation characteristic curves such as voltage and current, and comparing and verifying them with the measured data, the results showed that the established model had good accuracy and engineering applicability. [Conclusion] The research results provide theoretical support and practical reference for the structural optimization and intelligent control of resistance-type vertical-axis wind turbine, which is of great significance for promoting the application of small wind power generation equipment in distributed energy systems.