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Volume 45,Issue 12,2018 Table of Contents
2018, 45(12):1-5.
Abstract:
In order to improve the robustness of symmetrical sixphase permanent magnet synchronous motor to parameter variation and load disturbance, a symmetrical sixphase permanent magnet synchronous motor speed system was proposed based on integral sliding mode surface. The stability of integral sliding mode controller was proved by Lyapunov theorem, and the performance of the controller was further analyzed. Simulation results showed that, the proposed algorithm had better antiinterference ability and stability compared with PI control algorithm.
In order to improve the robustness of symmetrical sixphase permanent magnet synchronous motor to parameter variation and load disturbance, a symmetrical sixphase permanent magnet synchronous motor speed system was proposed based on integral sliding mode surface. The stability of integral sliding mode controller was proved by Lyapunov theorem, and the performance of the controller was further analyzed. Simulation results showed that, the proposed algorithm had better antiinterference ability and stability compared with PI control algorithm.
2018, 45(12):6-11, 18.
Abstract:
Torque ripple of switched reluctance motor (SRM) was inevitable due to its special doubly salient motor structure. Although the conventional torque sharing function (TSF) control method of SRM could largely suppress the torque ripple, the torque ripple suppression was still limited by the physical conditions such as the switching frequency and the power supply voltage. A TSF control method was proposed based on genetic algorithm. The torque ripple was used as the optimization target to find the optimal switching angle using the optimization ability of the genetic algorithm. The experimental system based on genetic algorithm using TMS320F28335 was established. The experimental results on designed controller for a 8/6 prototype SRM validated the effectiveness of torque ripple minimization.
Torque ripple of switched reluctance motor (SRM) was inevitable due to its special doubly salient motor structure. Although the conventional torque sharing function (TSF) control method of SRM could largely suppress the torque ripple, the torque ripple suppression was still limited by the physical conditions such as the switching frequency and the power supply voltage. A TSF control method was proposed based on genetic algorithm. The torque ripple was used as the optimization target to find the optimal switching angle using the optimization ability of the genetic algorithm. The experimental system based on genetic algorithm using TMS320F28335 was established. The experimental results on designed controller for a 8/6 prototype SRM validated the effectiveness of torque ripple minimization.
2018, 45(12):12-18.
Abstract:
An improved sensorless control strategy was proposed for switched reluctance drive (SRD). By calculating the fluxlinkage of each phase, key rotor positions were captured. According to observed key rotor positions, the rotor position was reconstructed by the proposed algorithm. Accordingly, a closedloop rotor speed control strategy was designed for the sensorless control. Experimental results showed that the proposed rotor position estimation algorithm achieved high accuracy and could be used for wide rotor speed range. The senseless closedloop control strategy achieved fast dynamic response and good robusteness.
An improved sensorless control strategy was proposed for switched reluctance drive (SRD). By calculating the fluxlinkage of each phase, key rotor positions were captured. According to observed key rotor positions, the rotor position was reconstructed by the proposed algorithm. Accordingly, a closedloop rotor speed control strategy was designed for the sensorless control. Experimental results showed that the proposed rotor position estimation algorithm achieved high accuracy and could be used for wide rotor speed range. The senseless closedloop control strategy achieved fast dynamic response and good robusteness.
2018, 45(12):19-24.
Abstract:
Based on the expressions of flux and torque of surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) direct torque control (DTC) system with the angle of applying voltage vector as the variable, the values of stator flux and torque at the next sampling point after applying voltage vector with different angle were given. The objective function of flux error and torque error was proposed. The predictive control would select the optimal angle which minimized the objective function. Simulation results showed that the SPMSM DTC system under the control of proposed strategy worked properly. Control performances of SPMSM DTC system were given using different partitioning methods of voltage vector selection area. Considering control performance and calculation burden, quartering the voltage vector selection area was an ideal way.
Based on the expressions of flux and torque of surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) direct torque control (DTC) system with the angle of applying voltage vector as the variable, the values of stator flux and torque at the next sampling point after applying voltage vector with different angle were given. The objective function of flux error and torque error was proposed. The predictive control would select the optimal angle which minimized the objective function. Simulation results showed that the SPMSM DTC system under the control of proposed strategy worked properly. Control performances of SPMSM DTC system were given using different partitioning methods of voltage vector selection area. Considering control performance and calculation burden, quartering the voltage vector selection area was an ideal way.
2018, 45(12):25-30.
Abstract:
A large commonmode voltage would be produced by the motor drive system of threephase inverter, which had great harm to the motor, and the influence of deadband was ignored by traditional pulse width modulation (PWM) commonmode voltage suppression. In order to effectively suppress the commonmode voltage of the threephase PWM inverter, an improved nonzero vector PWM method was proposed on the basis of the analysis of the traditional commonmode voltage suppression methods. The proposed method could eliminate the commonmode voltage spike output from the inverter after adding deadband time. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by simulation software.
A large commonmode voltage would be produced by the motor drive system of threephase inverter, which had great harm to the motor, and the influence of deadband was ignored by traditional pulse width modulation (PWM) commonmode voltage suppression. In order to effectively suppress the commonmode voltage of the threephase PWM inverter, an improved nonzero vector PWM method was proposed on the basis of the analysis of the traditional commonmode voltage suppression methods. The proposed method could eliminate the commonmode voltage spike output from the inverter after adding deadband time. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by simulation software.
2018, 45(12):31-35.
Abstract:
The estimation of rotorpositionangle was the key to the vector control of the sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), and its precision will directly affect the performance of the control system. The rotorpositionangle estimation method based on the flux observer was easy to realize, but the system control performance was limited by the dynamic performance of the flux linkage estimation. To improve the running performance of sensorless PMSM vector control system, an improved lowpass filter algorithm featured in the exchange of filtering and compensation order was studied, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the improved method were proved by using MATLAB simulation.
The estimation of rotorpositionangle was the key to the vector control of the sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), and its precision will directly affect the performance of the control system. The rotorpositionangle estimation method based on the flux observer was easy to realize, but the system control performance was limited by the dynamic performance of the flux linkage estimation. To improve the running performance of sensorless PMSM vector control system, an improved lowpass filter algorithm featured in the exchange of filtering and compensation order was studied, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the improved method were proved by using MATLAB simulation.
2018, 45(12):36-39.
Abstract:
High speed remotely operated vehicle (ROV) was used for observing and working in shallow sea. The propeller motor used in the ROV was often filled with oil to fight against the water pressure. Resolver was employed in the propeller motor as the position sensor, which may be easily affected by the running current. To solve this problem, a sliding mode observer based sensorless control strategy with continuous saturation function was proposed, which was used to estimate the motor position and take the place of the resolver. To improve the estimation accuracy, a phase looked loop (PLL) based position estimation method was introduced. In comparison with th traditional sliding mode observer, this algorithm could reduce the chattering. The proposed strategy was proved by simulations and experiments.
High speed remotely operated vehicle (ROV) was used for observing and working in shallow sea. The propeller motor used in the ROV was often filled with oil to fight against the water pressure. Resolver was employed in the propeller motor as the position sensor, which may be easily affected by the running current. To solve this problem, a sliding mode observer based sensorless control strategy with continuous saturation function was proposed, which was used to estimate the motor position and take the place of the resolver. To improve the estimation accuracy, a phase looked loop (PLL) based position estimation method was introduced. In comparison with th traditional sliding mode observer, this algorithm could reduce the chattering. The proposed strategy was proved by simulations and experiments.
2018, 45(12):40-45.
Abstract:
Aiming at the problem that traditional fullorder flux observer led to the inaccuracy of the flux linkage and even the instability of the system under internal and external disturbances, the influences of the observer pole distribution and the internal or external disturbances were analyzed. Then the feedback gain matrix coefficient was designed, and a robust adaptive state observer was proposed to estimate the flux linkage. When the system was influenced by the internal or external disturbances, in order to maintain the system’s good dynamic and static performance, the feedback gain coefficient was automatically reduced while maintaining the stability of the system. The flux estimation accuracy, speed fluctuation and torque ripple under internal and external disturbances were compared between the robust adaptive state observer and traditional fullorder flux observer. Simulation and experimental results showed that the robust adaptive state observer had better antijamming performance than traditional fullorder flux observer.
Aiming at the problem that traditional fullorder flux observer led to the inaccuracy of the flux linkage and even the instability of the system under internal and external disturbances, the influences of the observer pole distribution and the internal or external disturbances were analyzed. Then the feedback gain matrix coefficient was designed, and a robust adaptive state observer was proposed to estimate the flux linkage. When the system was influenced by the internal or external disturbances, in order to maintain the system’s good dynamic and static performance, the feedback gain coefficient was automatically reduced while maintaining the stability of the system. The flux estimation accuracy, speed fluctuation and torque ripple under internal and external disturbances were compared between the robust adaptive state observer and traditional fullorder flux observer. Simulation and experimental results showed that the robust adaptive state observer had better antijamming performance than traditional fullorder flux observer.
2018, 45(12):46-49.
Abstract:
The ACS800 frequency converter was applied to the design of loading test bench of escalator driver, and electric power closedloop loading test was realized. The advanced direct torque control technology was used for loading test in the system. Based on the introduction of the basic working principle of the direct torque control technology and the electrical performance characteristics of the ACS800 converter, the methods to achieve the main performance test of the escalator driver on the test bench was introduced.
The ACS800 frequency converter was applied to the design of loading test bench of escalator driver, and electric power closedloop loading test was realized. The advanced direct torque control technology was used for loading test in the system. Based on the introduction of the basic working principle of the direct torque control technology and the electrical performance characteristics of the ACS800 converter, the methods to achieve the main performance test of the escalator driver on the test bench was introduced.
2018, 45(12):50-54.
Abstract:
Aiming at the disadvantages of traditional PI control such as poor dynamic and static control performance, a PI control method based on neural network was proposed. Combining neural network and traditional PI control, we constructed the neural network PI control system. Threelayer BP neural network was established, and through the gradient descent method the parameters were modified to achieve on line adjustment of kp and ki parameters. Through simulation and experimental verification, it was proved that compared with the traditional PI control method, the PI control system using neural network had faster response and smaller overshoot under different external conditions, which could significantly improve the dynamic and static performance of the system.
Aiming at the disadvantages of traditional PI control such as poor dynamic and static control performance, a PI control method based on neural network was proposed. Combining neural network and traditional PI control, we constructed the neural network PI control system. Threelayer BP neural network was established, and through the gradient descent method the parameters were modified to achieve on line adjustment of kp and ki parameters. Through simulation and experimental verification, it was proved that compared with the traditional PI control method, the PI control system using neural network had faster response and smaller overshoot under different external conditions, which could significantly improve the dynamic and static performance of the system.
2018, 45(12):55-59, 92.
Abstract:
For the problem of cogging torque existing in surfacemounted permanent magnet (SPM) motor, a method of single magnetic pole lengthening was proposed to reduce the cogging torque. The analytical expression of the cogging torque was derived by the analytic method when the single magnetic pole of the motor was lengthened and the variable Br(vz) which had an important influence on the cogging torque was obtained through Fourier analysis. The magnetic pole lengthening factor η was introduced and the way to choose the value of η to reduce the cogging torque was studied. The availability of the method was validated by finite element simulation. It was found that the cogging torque of SPM motor could be effectively reduced when the Br(vz) related to the key harmonic components of the cogging torque was reduce to zero by reasonably selecting the magnetic pole lengthening factor.
For the problem of cogging torque existing in surfacemounted permanent magnet (SPM) motor, a method of single magnetic pole lengthening was proposed to reduce the cogging torque. The analytical expression of the cogging torque was derived by the analytic method when the single magnetic pole of the motor was lengthened and the variable Br(vz) which had an important influence on the cogging torque was obtained through Fourier analysis. The magnetic pole lengthening factor η was introduced and the way to choose the value of η to reduce the cogging torque was studied. The availability of the method was validated by finite element simulation. It was found that the cogging torque of SPM motor could be effectively reduced when the Br(vz) related to the key harmonic components of the cogging torque was reduce to zero by reasonably selecting the magnetic pole lengthening factor.
2018, 45(12):60-65, 92.
Abstract:
The twopole parallelly magnetized solid cylindrical permanent magnet synchronous motor (SCPMSM) was taken as the study object and the effects of rotor eccentricity on spatial and frequency characteristics of airgap magnetic field were analyzed. Introducing the airgap permeance correction factors of rotor static and dynamic eccentricities, the mathematical models of the airgap magnetic fields in the SCPMSM with rotor eccentricity were developed. The spatial and frequency characteristics of airgap magnetic fields under both static and dynamic rotor eccentricity modes in noload and load cases were analyzed. Taking a 2pole 12slot parallelly magnetised SCPMSM as example, the characteristics of rotor eccentric airgap magnetic fields were analyzed by the finite element method, which verified the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
The twopole parallelly magnetized solid cylindrical permanent magnet synchronous motor (SCPMSM) was taken as the study object and the effects of rotor eccentricity on spatial and frequency characteristics of airgap magnetic field were analyzed. Introducing the airgap permeance correction factors of rotor static and dynamic eccentricities, the mathematical models of the airgap magnetic fields in the SCPMSM with rotor eccentricity were developed. The spatial and frequency characteristics of airgap magnetic fields under both static and dynamic rotor eccentricity modes in noload and load cases were analyzed. Taking a 2pole 12slot parallelly magnetised SCPMSM as example, the characteristics of rotor eccentric airgap magnetic fields were analyzed by the finite element method, which verified the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
2018, 45(12):66-73, 96.
Abstract:
In conventional high speed test track systems, there exist some problems such as serious skid wear and sharp oscillation of the skid. Normal conductive electromagnet technology was used to solve these problems. A design process which was suitable for both electromagnetic suspension and hybrid suspension was put forward for the electromagnet structure, taking the ratio of levitation force to gravity as the optimization objective. The equivalent magnetic circuit model of the electromagnet was established, and the preliminary design was completed for electromagnetic suspension and hybrid suspension schemes based on the design requirements of the levitation system. Both structures were further optimized using the Ansoft finite element simulation software. By analyzing the design parameters of both schemes, it was shown that when the magnetic pole section of electromagnet was square, the ratio of levitation force to gravity was the highest; with the addition of permanent magnets, the volume and weight of electromagnets were greatly reduced, the ratio of levitation force to gravity was largely improved, the effective load of the system was increased, and the power loss was reduced.
In conventional high speed test track systems, there exist some problems such as serious skid wear and sharp oscillation of the skid. Normal conductive electromagnet technology was used to solve these problems. A design process which was suitable for both electromagnetic suspension and hybrid suspension was put forward for the electromagnet structure, taking the ratio of levitation force to gravity as the optimization objective. The equivalent magnetic circuit model of the electromagnet was established, and the preliminary design was completed for electromagnetic suspension and hybrid suspension schemes based on the design requirements of the levitation system. Both structures were further optimized using the Ansoft finite element simulation software. By analyzing the design parameters of both schemes, it was shown that when the magnetic pole section of electromagnet was square, the ratio of levitation force to gravity was the highest; with the addition of permanent magnets, the volume and weight of electromagnets were greatly reduced, the ratio of levitation force to gravity was largely improved, the effective load of the system was increased, and the power loss was reduced.
2018, 45(12):74-81.
Abstract:
The dualwinding induction generator had the advantage of adjusting the excitation magnetic field while keeping the load voltage constant for the step change in load. The active current of the static excitation regulator controlled the bus voltage and the reactive current controlled the load voltage. Both of them form the feedback current for the closed loop control of the system. Phase locked loop (PLL) provided phase information for coordinate transformation. Appropriate PLL could improve the speed and accuracy of coordinate transformation, and provide fast and accurate feedback information to the control system. The characteristics of excitation voltage of dual winding induction generator was analyzed, and the different working characteristics of double dq transformation PLL, delayed signal cancellation PLL and delayed signal cancellation based moving average filtering PLL were compared. Finally, the simulation of the dual winding induction generator system with three different PLL were carried out, and delayed signal cancellation based moving average filtering PLL was found to be the best one.
The dualwinding induction generator had the advantage of adjusting the excitation magnetic field while keeping the load voltage constant for the step change in load. The active current of the static excitation regulator controlled the bus voltage and the reactive current controlled the load voltage. Both of them form the feedback current for the closed loop control of the system. Phase locked loop (PLL) provided phase information for coordinate transformation. Appropriate PLL could improve the speed and accuracy of coordinate transformation, and provide fast and accurate feedback information to the control system. The characteristics of excitation voltage of dual winding induction generator was analyzed, and the different working characteristics of double dq transformation PLL, delayed signal cancellation PLL and delayed signal cancellation based moving average filtering PLL were compared. Finally, the simulation of the dual winding induction generator system with three different PLL were carried out, and delayed signal cancellation based moving average filtering PLL was found to be the best one.
2018, 45(12):82-87.
Abstract:
In view of the complex structural characteristics of brushless AC exciter, Maxwell 16.0 was used as a development platform and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) program development language was used to model, add materials, stimulate, split and postprocess the motor, performing secondary development. Parametric modeling of stator windings, magnetic poles, rotor slots, and armature windings in the modeling of brushless AC exciter was realized, with the functions of onekey solving, autosegmentation, and postprocessing automatic plotting. Based on Excel’s development platform, one could further design a visual interface, strengthen humancomputer interaction, reduce repetitive steps, improve the efficiency of designers, and shorten the design cycle of the motor.
In view of the complex structural characteristics of brushless AC exciter, Maxwell 16.0 was used as a development platform and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) program development language was used to model, add materials, stimulate, split and postprocess the motor, performing secondary development. Parametric modeling of stator windings, magnetic poles, rotor slots, and armature windings in the modeling of brushless AC exciter was realized, with the functions of onekey solving, autosegmentation, and postprocessing automatic plotting. Based on Excel’s development platform, one could further design a visual interface, strengthen humancomputer interaction, reduce repetitive steps, improve the efficiency of designers, and shorten the design cycle of the motor.
2018, 45(12):88-92.
Abstract:
Pole connection was the key component of the rotor of generatormotor synchronous machines. Reasonable connection structure could effectively avoid the pole connection fusing fault caused by the frequent switch of operation conditions of generatormotor synchronous machines. For this purpose, three typical pole connection structures were analyzed by finite element method. And the stress and fatigue data of the three structures under the conditions of rated speed 300 r/min and 500 r/min were also calculated precisely. Combined with fatigue analysis result, the typical structure of pole connection of highspeed generatormotor synchronous machines was proposed, and the suggestion of design scheme was also presented. The research results could provide an important technique support for the selection of pole connection and operation maintenance of pumpedstorage power stations.
Pole connection was the key component of the rotor of generatormotor synchronous machines. Reasonable connection structure could effectively avoid the pole connection fusing fault caused by the frequent switch of operation conditions of generatormotor synchronous machines. For this purpose, three typical pole connection structures were analyzed by finite element method. And the stress and fatigue data of the three structures under the conditions of rated speed 300 r/min and 500 r/min were also calculated precisely. Combined with fatigue analysis result, the typical structure of pole connection of highspeed generatormotor synchronous machines was proposed, and the suggestion of design scheme was also presented. The research results could provide an important technique support for the selection of pole connection and operation maintenance of pumpedstorage power stations.
2018, 45(12):93-96.
Abstract:
Watercooled motor has wide applications, and its design shows some special features. For the two water jacket structures of the watercooled motor, i.e., Zshaped axial water jacket and circumferential spiral water jacket, the advantages and disadvantages were introduced, and the calculation methods for the design parameters were given. Considering the pressure on the water jacket, the strength calculation formulas were derived for the inner and outer shell walls. This research could give reference for the design of watercooled motors.
Watercooled motor has wide applications, and its design shows some special features. For the two water jacket structures of the watercooled motor, i.e., Zshaped axial water jacket and circumferential spiral water jacket, the advantages and disadvantages were introduced, and the calculation methods for the design parameters were given. Considering the pressure on the water jacket, the strength calculation formulas were derived for the inner and outer shell walls. This research could give reference for the design of watercooled motors.
2018, 45(12):97-102.
Abstract:
With the purpose that UVLED curing would be used in industrial printing, a UVLED driving and controlling system was designed. The advantage of using distributed driving was analyzed, and the driving power using twostage drive structure was determined. The AC/DC constant voltage module and DC/DC constant current module were designed and the driving power modules were tested. The experimental results the UVLED drive control system was feasible.
With the purpose that UVLED curing would be used in industrial printing, a UVLED driving and controlling system was designed. The advantage of using distributed driving was analyzed, and the driving power using twostage drive structure was determined. The AC/DC constant voltage module and DC/DC constant current module were designed and the driving power modules were tested. The experimental results the UVLED drive control system was feasible.
2018, 45(12):103-107.
Abstract:
Based on the structural features of electric vehicle driven by inwheel motor and the characteristics of low speed as well as high torque of inwheel motor, regenerative braking method for inwheel motors was presented. All braking torque for vehicle deceleration was output by inwheel motor under moderate intensity braking condition for the sake of recovering the maximum braking energy. The vehicle dynamics model that included the hydraulic braking system and the inwheel motor driving system was built by AMESim software. Simulation was carried out for vehicle driving conditions by NEDC cycle and FTP75 cycle. The results showed that the recovery rate of braking energy was increased dramatically by inwheel motor braking method. The energy efficiency of electric vehicle was improved by more than 30%.
Based on the structural features of electric vehicle driven by inwheel motor and the characteristics of low speed as well as high torque of inwheel motor, regenerative braking method for inwheel motors was presented. All braking torque for vehicle deceleration was output by inwheel motor under moderate intensity braking condition for the sake of recovering the maximum braking energy. The vehicle dynamics model that included the hydraulic braking system and the inwheel motor driving system was built by AMESim software. Simulation was carried out for vehicle driving conditions by NEDC cycle and FTP75 cycle. The results showed that the recovery rate of braking energy was increased dramatically by inwheel motor braking method. The energy efficiency of electric vehicle was improved by more than 30%.
2018, 45(12):108-112.
Abstract:
The electric vehicle control system requires good motor control performance. A permanent magnet synchronous motor vector control scheme based on fuzzy neural network was presented. The fuzzy neural network controller was used as the current regulator. A fuzzy controller was introduced into the speed loop, and its output was used as the limit of the current loop, so as to limit the motor speed. The results of simulation and experiment showed that the method had good torque tracking and motor speed limit performance for the complicated operation of electric vehicles.
The electric vehicle control system requires good motor control performance. A permanent magnet synchronous motor vector control scheme based on fuzzy neural network was presented. The fuzzy neural network controller was used as the current regulator. A fuzzy controller was introduced into the speed loop, and its output was used as the limit of the current loop, so as to limit the motor speed. The results of simulation and experiment showed that the method had good torque tracking and motor speed limit performance for the complicated operation of electric vehicles.
2018, 45(12):113-120.
Abstract:
Island independent microgrid was a complex cyberphysical system, and its energy management was a nonlinear, multiconstraint and multitimescale dynamic problem. For such a problem, the multitimescale optimal scheduling model based on improved adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm was studied. A multiobjective scheduling model and an intraday rolling optimization correction model were proposed. The daily scheduling model was based on the improved adaptive particle swarm algorithm for multiobjective optimization so as to ensure the microgrid economy and stability. And the rolling optimization model rectified the deviation of the former to guarantee the effectiveness of the daily prediction. Simulation results showed that the proposed strategy could effectively enhance the economy and reliability of island independent microgrid systems.
Island independent microgrid was a complex cyberphysical system, and its energy management was a nonlinear, multiconstraint and multitimescale dynamic problem. For such a problem, the multitimescale optimal scheduling model based on improved adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm was studied. A multiobjective scheduling model and an intraday rolling optimization correction model were proposed. The daily scheduling model was based on the improved adaptive particle swarm algorithm for multiobjective optimization so as to ensure the microgrid economy and stability. And the rolling optimization model rectified the deviation of the former to guarantee the effectiveness of the daily prediction. Simulation results showed that the proposed strategy could effectively enhance the economy and reliability of island independent microgrid systems.
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Electric Machines & Control Application ® 2025
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Electric Machines & Control Application ® 2025
Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.
