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Volume 47,Issue 7,2020 Table of Contents
2020, 47(7):1-8.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2020.074
Abstract:
As an important equipment for obtaining vacuum, vacuum pump has received extensive attentions and applications in the fields of electronic chips, large-scale integrated circuits, fine chemicals, biopharmaceuticals, and photovoltaic industries. Its performance largely depends on the drive motor and its control technology. The basic types and working principles of the vacuum pump drive motors are introduced, and their common rules and individual characteristics are summarized. The topologies, cooling methods and intelligent control technologies of the drive motor are reviewed. The control strategies of the vacuum pump drive motors under special working conditions are analyzed. Finally, the main research directions of the vacuum pump drive motor and its control system are prospected.
As an important equipment for obtaining vacuum, vacuum pump has received extensive attentions and applications in the fields of electronic chips, large-scale integrated circuits, fine chemicals, biopharmaceuticals, and photovoltaic industries. Its performance largely depends on the drive motor and its control technology. The basic types and working principles of the vacuum pump drive motors are introduced, and their common rules and individual characteristics are summarized. The topologies, cooling methods and intelligent control technologies of the drive motor are reviewed. The control strategies of the vacuum pump drive motors under special working conditions are analyzed. Finally, the main research directions of the vacuum pump drive motor and its control system are prospected.
2020, 47(7):9-16，28.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2020.061
Abstract:
Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) direct torque control (DTC) system using double fuzzy control is proposed. Fuzzy control is applied to the determination of both the voltage vector and the time duration of applying voltage vector at the same time. The PMSM DTC system uses one fuzzy controller to replace the hysteresis comparators of torque and stator flux and the switching table in traditional DTC to output basic voltage vectors. Another fuzzy controller is used to determine the time duration of applying voltage vector. Simulation results show that the proposed double fuzzy control system can work properly and four-quadrant operation can be realized. Compared with the system only using one fuzzy controller to output the voltage vector or the time duration of applying voltage vector, the double fuzzy control system can effectively suppress torque and flux ripple.
Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) direct torque control (DTC) system using double fuzzy control is proposed. Fuzzy control is applied to the determination of both the voltage vector and the time duration of applying voltage vector at the same time. The PMSM DTC system uses one fuzzy controller to replace the hysteresis comparators of torque and stator flux and the switching table in traditional DTC to output basic voltage vectors. Another fuzzy controller is used to determine the time duration of applying voltage vector. Simulation results show that the proposed double fuzzy control system can work properly and four-quadrant operation can be realized. Compared with the system only using one fuzzy controller to output the voltage vector or the time duration of applying voltage vector, the double fuzzy control system can effectively suppress torque and flux ripple.
2020, 47(7):17-21，52.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2020.068
Abstract:
When the thyristor inverter is used as the power supply for asynchronous motors, the output voltage and current are rich in harmonics. These harmonics will have a significant impact on the operating performance of asynchronous motors, resulting in the increase of power loss and the decrease of efficiency and power factor. Although the traditional pulse width modulation (PWM) method can eliminate the influence of loworder harmonics, the overall effect is not ideal. Through the specific analysis of the influence of harmonic components on the stator and other motor parameters, the minimum total loss of asynchronous motor is taken as the objective function. Then, carrier ratio is determined according to the relationship between the variation of various loss coefficients with frequency and the number of switching times of the inverter thyristor switching element. Finally, the strategy design of general PWM is optimized. The test results show that the optimized design can effectively suppress the influence of harmonics.
When the thyristor inverter is used as the power supply for asynchronous motors, the output voltage and current are rich in harmonics. These harmonics will have a significant impact on the operating performance of asynchronous motors, resulting in the increase of power loss and the decrease of efficiency and power factor. Although the traditional pulse width modulation (PWM) method can eliminate the influence of loworder harmonics, the overall effect is not ideal. Through the specific analysis of the influence of harmonic components on the stator and other motor parameters, the minimum total loss of asynchronous motor is taken as the objective function. Then, carrier ratio is determined according to the relationship between the variation of various loss coefficients with frequency and the number of switching times of the inverter thyristor switching element. Finally, the strategy design of general PWM is optimized. The test results show that the optimized design can effectively suppress the influence of harmonics.
2020, 47(7):22-28.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2020.052
Abstract:
Medium and high voltage frequency converters has wide applications in the field of industrial frequency conversion. H-bridge cascaded multilevel frequency converter has the characteristics of modularization and can realize the expansion of voltage and power by using low voltage devices. The main circuit structure of a three-stage H-bridge cascaded converter driving squirrel cage asynchronous motor is introduced. Then, the key control technologies, such as the carrier phase-shifting sine wave pulse width modulation (PWM), the DC voltage equalization control of power unit, and speed sensorless vector control based on the voltage and current hybrid flux observer are introduced. The MATLAB simulation results show that the converter has good start-up and operation performance by using the proposed control technologies to control squirrel cage asynchronous motor. It provides technical support for medium and high voltage and high power transmission applications.
Medium and high voltage frequency converters has wide applications in the field of industrial frequency conversion. H-bridge cascaded multilevel frequency converter has the characteristics of modularization and can realize the expansion of voltage and power by using low voltage devices. The main circuit structure of a three-stage H-bridge cascaded converter driving squirrel cage asynchronous motor is introduced. Then, the key control technologies, such as the carrier phase-shifting sine wave pulse width modulation (PWM), the DC voltage equalization control of power unit, and speed sensorless vector control based on the voltage and current hybrid flux observer are introduced. The MATLAB simulation results show that the converter has good start-up and operation performance by using the proposed control technologies to control squirrel cage asynchronous motor. It provides technical support for medium and high voltage and high power transmission applications.
2020, 47(7):29-34.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2020.031
Abstract:
Bi-directionally isolated DC-DC converter is widely used in electric vehicles powered by super capacitor energy storage. To realize zero voltage switching (ZVS) process of all switches in converter and improve efficiency of bi-directionally isolated DC-DC converter, a new control strategy of bi-directional active bridge converter is proposed. A parallel resonant inductor is added in the bridge converter. The drive signal is compensated by the method of duty cycle compensation. The current value of resonant cavity is solved. Appropriate resonant inductor value is selected to control the phase difference between primary side and secondary side voltage of the bridge structure during resonance process. The bi-directionally isolated converter is controlled by pulse width modulation(PWM) processor after comprehensive modulation. ZVS process of all switches in bi-directionally isolated DC-DC converter is realized. Experimental results show that the new control strategy can effectively improve efficiency of bi-directionally isolated DC-DC converter.
Bi-directionally isolated DC-DC converter is widely used in electric vehicles powered by super capacitor energy storage. To realize zero voltage switching (ZVS) process of all switches in converter and improve efficiency of bi-directionally isolated DC-DC converter, a new control strategy of bi-directional active bridge converter is proposed. A parallel resonant inductor is added in the bridge converter. The drive signal is compensated by the method of duty cycle compensation. The current value of resonant cavity is solved. Appropriate resonant inductor value is selected to control the phase difference between primary side and secondary side voltage of the bridge structure during resonance process. The bi-directionally isolated converter is controlled by pulse width modulation(PWM) processor after comprehensive modulation. ZVS process of all switches in bi-directionally isolated DC-DC converter is realized. Experimental results show that the new control strategy can effectively improve efficiency of bi-directionally isolated DC-DC converter.
2020, 47(7):35-38，47.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2020.059
Abstract:
A generator design method which is the combination of electromagnetic simulation based on equivalent magnetic-circuit method using ANSYS Maxwell 2D and engineering thermal analysis is presented. Through the analysis and calculation by ANSYS Maxwell 2D, the 4.8 MW medium-speed permanent magnet wind power generator is designed. In order to further study the operation characteristics of the generator, the finite element analysis and calculation model of the permanent magnet generator is established. The no-load, rated-load and short-circuit performances of the generator are simulated, and the current, induced voltage and electromagnetic torque are obtained. Finally, the temperature rise of each part of the generator is calculated by the thermal circuit method. The calculation results show that the design of the generator is reasonable and all indexes meet the requirements. The combination of electromagnetic simulation and engineering thermal analysis can make the generator design more accurately. It provides the theoretical basis for the electromagnetic design and structural optimization of generators.
A generator design method which is the combination of electromagnetic simulation based on equivalent magnetic-circuit method using ANSYS Maxwell 2D and engineering thermal analysis is presented. Through the analysis and calculation by ANSYS Maxwell 2D, the 4.8 MW medium-speed permanent magnet wind power generator is designed. In order to further study the operation characteristics of the generator, the finite element analysis and calculation model of the permanent magnet generator is established. The no-load, rated-load and short-circuit performances of the generator are simulated, and the current, induced voltage and electromagnetic torque are obtained. Finally, the temperature rise of each part of the generator is calculated by the thermal circuit method. The calculation results show that the design of the generator is reasonable and all indexes meet the requirements. The combination of electromagnetic simulation and engineering thermal analysis can make the generator design more accurately. It provides the theoretical basis for the electromagnetic design and structural optimization of generators.
2020, 47(7):39-43，52.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2020.050
Abstract:
Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control system has important applications in civil and military fields such as robot, radar control and photoelectric turntable. GD32F450, as a domestic high-performance processor, has a wealth of motor control peripherals. It is very suitable for motor control system under the background of independent and controllable chip in China. A servo drive circuit is designed for a low-voltage PMSM. In view of the common PI speed controller prone to overshoot, the sliding mode speed controller is used instead. Compared with the PI control, the speed control can be smoother. The test structure proves the rationality of the scheme.
Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control system has important applications in civil and military fields such as robot, radar control and photoelectric turntable. GD32F450, as a domestic high-performance processor, has a wealth of motor control peripherals. It is very suitable for motor control system under the background of independent and controllable chip in China. A servo drive circuit is designed for a low-voltage PMSM. In view of the common PI speed controller prone to overshoot, the sliding mode speed controller is used instead. Compared with the PI control, the speed control can be smoother. The test structure proves the rationality of the scheme.
2020, 47(7):44-47.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2020.066
Abstract:
The ventilation noise is one of the main sources of aircooled induction motor noise. Combined with practical experience, the common methods to reduce the ventilation noise of motor are introduced, and the new method of using volute wind cover structure is proposed. Several examples are given to illustrate the noise reduction effect of these methods. This research provides a reference for reducing the ventilation noise of motor.
The ventilation noise is one of the main sources of aircooled induction motor noise. Combined with practical experience, the common methods to reduce the ventilation noise of motor are introduced, and the new method of using volute wind cover structure is proposed. Several examples are given to illustrate the noise reduction effect of these methods. This research provides a reference for reducing the ventilation noise of motor.
9 Analyzing and Solving the Squeal Noise Problem of Motor Brush System by Complex Eigenvalue Method
2020, 47(7):48-52.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2020.065
Abstract:
Through test and complex eigenvalue analysis of DC brush motor used in new energy vehicle, the effect of the friction coefficient between commutator and brush on the vibration mode of the brush system is found, and the mechanism of the motor squeal noise is explained theoretically. When the friction coefficient reaches a critical point, the modes couple, leading to vibration instability and consequently the squeal noise of the brush system. After modification of the structure of the brush spring, the effect of friction coefficient on vibration instability becomes less sensitive and the brush system squealing noise is ameliorated. This study provides guidance and theory to solve the brush squeal noise of DC motors.
Through test and complex eigenvalue analysis of DC brush motor used in new energy vehicle, the effect of the friction coefficient between commutator and brush on the vibration mode of the brush system is found, and the mechanism of the motor squeal noise is explained theoretically. When the friction coefficient reaches a critical point, the modes couple, leading to vibration instability and consequently the squeal noise of the brush system. After modification of the structure of the brush spring, the effect of friction coefficient on vibration instability becomes less sensitive and the brush system squealing noise is ameliorated. This study provides guidance and theory to solve the brush squeal noise of DC motors.
2020, 47(7):53-57.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2020.041
Abstract:
Aiming at the power quality problem of voltage drop in the microgrid grid-connected system, a battery energy storage dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) based on neuron adaptive control is studied. It is mainly composed of battery, inverter, LC filter and transformer. In order to improve the control performance of the DVR, the neuron adaptive control algorithm is introduced to improve the outer loop voltage PI regulator, and the adaptive adjustment of the outer loop control parameters is realized, thereby obtaining a new double-closed-loop control strategy. Then, combined with the space voltage vector modulation method, the control strategy is achieved. Finally, a grid-connected system model of battery energy storage DVR based on neuron adaptive control is built in MATLAB/Simulink simulation software. Simulation results show that the battery energy storage DVR based on neuron adaptive control can compensate for the voltage drop of the microgrid. It has strong dynamic response capability and anti-interference ability.
Aiming at the power quality problem of voltage drop in the microgrid grid-connected system, a battery energy storage dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) based on neuron adaptive control is studied. It is mainly composed of battery, inverter, LC filter and transformer. In order to improve the control performance of the DVR, the neuron adaptive control algorithm is introduced to improve the outer loop voltage PI regulator, and the adaptive adjustment of the outer loop control parameters is realized, thereby obtaining a new double-closed-loop control strategy. Then, combined with the space voltage vector modulation method, the control strategy is achieved. Finally, a grid-connected system model of battery energy storage DVR based on neuron adaptive control is built in MATLAB/Simulink simulation software. Simulation results show that the battery energy storage DVR based on neuron adaptive control can compensate for the voltage drop of the microgrid. It has strong dynamic response capability and anti-interference ability.
2020, 47(7):58-61，86.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2020.048
Abstract:
A battery management system (BMS) for energy storage power station is designed. Based on the topology of the BMS of energy storage power station and the characteristics of lithium batteries, a BMS with Freescale microcontroller unit (MCU) and ADI battery management chip(MC9S12 and LTC6811) as core devices is designed. BMS can realize the voltage and temperature collection and balanced control of the batteries of multiple circuits. Meanwhile, based on the sample data, the state of charge (SOC) of the battery can be calculated by utilizing the designed improved amperehour integration method. Based on the real data, the sampled values of battery voltage and temperature are compared with the real values, meanwhile the balanced effects and SOC are analyzed. Experimental results prove that the designed BMS has high sampling accuracy and sampling speed, and the balanced control is reasonable. The error of the estimated SOC value is small, indicating the practicability of the designed BMS.
A battery management system (BMS) for energy storage power station is designed. Based on the topology of the BMS of energy storage power station and the characteristics of lithium batteries, a BMS with Freescale microcontroller unit (MCU) and ADI battery management chip(MC9S12 and LTC6811) as core devices is designed. BMS can realize the voltage and temperature collection and balanced control of the batteries of multiple circuits. Meanwhile, based on the sample data, the state of charge (SOC) of the battery can be calculated by utilizing the designed improved amperehour integration method. Based on the real data, the sampled values of battery voltage and temperature are compared with the real values, meanwhile the balanced effects and SOC are analyzed. Experimental results prove that the designed BMS has high sampling accuracy and sampling speed, and the balanced control is reasonable. The error of the estimated SOC value is small, indicating the practicability of the designed BMS.
2020, 47(7):62-67，92.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2020.060
Abstract:
A silicon carbide (SiC) controller for high-power-density requirement of electric vehicles is developed. The overall principle diagram of electrical design is described. The structure, hardware and software schemes of the SiC controller are analyzed in detail. A design scheme of SiC controller based on the SiC MOSFET module is proposed. The thermal simulation of the SiC controller is carried out to study its heat dissipation effect. Finally, the bench test of the SiC controller prototype is carried out. The test results show that the SiC controller has good control performances.
A silicon carbide (SiC) controller for high-power-density requirement of electric vehicles is developed. The overall principle diagram of electrical design is described. The structure, hardware and software schemes of the SiC controller are analyzed in detail. A design scheme of SiC controller based on the SiC MOSFET module is proposed. The thermal simulation of the SiC controller is carried out to study its heat dissipation effect. Finally, the bench test of the SiC controller prototype is carried out. The test results show that the SiC controller has good control performances.
2020, 47(7):68-73.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2020.045
Abstract:
The electric drive system is the main power source of new energy vehicles. The performance of the electric drive system directly affects the vehicle's economy and driving experience. The optimization of torque control accuracy and system efficiency depends on the accurate calibration of the motor and the motor controller. The torque control block diagram of the motor controller is analyzed. The factors affecting the accuracy of the torque control and system stability during the calibration process are analyzed. The calibration content and calibration method of the motor controller are determined. The system calibration of the motor and the motor controller is completed through the built test bench. The effectiveness of the calibration method is verified by control tests at different speeds and torques.
The electric drive system is the main power source of new energy vehicles. The performance of the electric drive system directly affects the vehicle's economy and driving experience. The optimization of torque control accuracy and system efficiency depends on the accurate calibration of the motor and the motor controller. The torque control block diagram of the motor controller is analyzed. The factors affecting the accuracy of the torque control and system stability during the calibration process are analyzed. The calibration content and calibration method of the motor controller are determined. The system calibration of the motor and the motor controller is completed through the built test bench. The effectiveness of the calibration method is verified by control tests at different speeds and torques.
2020, 47(7):74-78，92.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2020.055
Abstract:
Aiming at the heat dissipation requirements of high power density electric vehicle motor, a cooling solution of motor based on heat pipe is proposed. Through pipes, the heat can be transmitted rapidly from the end winding to housing. It is one of the effective ways that can solve the problem of high-power density on motor. The heat pipe assembling technique is designed. Using the ANSYS Fluent software, the finite element models are established for both the original motor and the heat-pipe-based motor, and temperature field simulation is carried out. Tests between the original motor and the heat pipe-based motor are established. Prototype test results are similar to the simulation results. It is found that the high temperature region of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is mainly located at the end of the winding. Simulation and test show that the design of the cooling system based on the heat pipe can effectively reduce the temperature rise of the motor winding.
Aiming at the heat dissipation requirements of high power density electric vehicle motor, a cooling solution of motor based on heat pipe is proposed. Through pipes, the heat can be transmitted rapidly from the end winding to housing. It is one of the effective ways that can solve the problem of high-power density on motor. The heat pipe assembling technique is designed. Using the ANSYS Fluent software, the finite element models are established for both the original motor and the heat-pipe-based motor, and temperature field simulation is carried out. Tests between the original motor and the heat pipe-based motor are established. Prototype test results are similar to the simulation results. It is found that the high temperature region of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is mainly located at the end of the winding. Simulation and test show that the design of the cooling system based on the heat pipe can effectively reduce the temperature rise of the motor winding.
2020, 47(7):79-86.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2020.063
Abstract:
The key points of hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation technology of the motor drive controllers are analyzed. Based on NI platform and OPAL-RT software package for motor and power electronic simulation, a well-structured HIL simulation test system for developing, testing and verifying automotive micro controller unit (MCU) is established, providing complete functionalities including test management and configuration, customizing models, adding nonlinear features, online tuning and so forth. Detailed configuration methods of models of all parts are introduced respectively. On the basis of the motor calibration test, simulation tests with motor models of constant parameters and variable parameters are performed respectively. The test results of the variable parameter motor model are similar to those of the real bench test, with a relative error of less than 15%. Benefiting from software-implemented fault injection, the fault injection tests of IGBT fault, shoot-through of bridge arm and interphase short circuit are conveniently realized.
The key points of hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation technology of the motor drive controllers are analyzed. Based on NI platform and OPAL-RT software package for motor and power electronic simulation, a well-structured HIL simulation test system for developing, testing and verifying automotive micro controller unit (MCU) is established, providing complete functionalities including test management and configuration, customizing models, adding nonlinear features, online tuning and so forth. Detailed configuration methods of models of all parts are introduced respectively. On the basis of the motor calibration test, simulation tests with motor models of constant parameters and variable parameters are performed respectively. The test results of the variable parameter motor model are similar to those of the real bench test, with a relative error of less than 15%. Benefiting from software-implemented fault injection, the fault injection tests of IGBT fault, shoot-through of bridge arm and interphase short circuit are conveniently realized.
LU Shuhan
,
ZHOU Jian
,
DING Xiaojian
,
YANG Yunfan
,
LI Xiaobing
,
WANG Jianhui
,
WANG Chunhui
,
HUANG Chuangmian
,
WANG Yuanhang
2020, 47(7):87-92.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2020.056
Abstract:
A motor state assessment and diagnosis edge device based on ARM processor is introduced, and its underlying hardware architecture and software design are put forward by centering on the characteristics of the edge device under the remote operation and maintenance cloud architecture of motor equipment. The edge device realizes the real-time collection of motor operation parameters, the analysis of key characteristic parameters, and real-time data interaction with the operation and maintenance cloud platform to achieve the monitoring and management of motor operation status. Finally, the edge device is applied to the field environment and the remote motor operation and maintenance cloud platform, proving the effectiveness of the system.
A motor state assessment and diagnosis edge device based on ARM processor is introduced, and its underlying hardware architecture and software design are put forward by centering on the characteristics of the edge device under the remote operation and maintenance cloud architecture of motor equipment. The edge device realizes the real-time collection of motor operation parameters, the analysis of key characteristic parameters, and real-time data interaction with the operation and maintenance cloud platform to achieve the monitoring and management of motor operation status. Finally, the edge device is applied to the field environment and the remote motor operation and maintenance cloud platform, proving the effectiveness of the system.
2020, 47(7):93-98.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2020.062
Abstract:
Pressing technology of winding core into shell, as a key process of motor assembly, is analyzed. In order to achieve intelligent manufacturing, the process of pressing the stator into the shell is improved, and the digitalized horizontal automatic pressing equipment for stator casing and the matching tooling, which are controlled and coordinated by PLC system, are designed. This pressing equipment can realize the functions of automatic positioning, horizontal clamping and pressing, collecting/feedback/monitoring of pressing parameters, interaction with the digital workshop operation management system, etc. Practical application results show that the pressing efficiency is increased by 40%, the product defective rate is decreased by 85.7%, and the manpower is reduced by 30%.
Pressing technology of winding core into shell, as a key process of motor assembly, is analyzed. In order to achieve intelligent manufacturing, the process of pressing the stator into the shell is improved, and the digitalized horizontal automatic pressing equipment for stator casing and the matching tooling, which are controlled and coordinated by PLC system, are designed. This pressing equipment can realize the functions of automatic positioning, horizontal clamping and pressing, collecting/feedback/monitoring of pressing parameters, interaction with the digital workshop operation management system, etc. Practical application results show that the pressing efficiency is increased by 40%, the product defective rate is decreased by 85.7%, and the manpower is reduced by 30%.
2020, 47(7):99-102.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2020.057
Abstract:
The load characteristics of an open water pump motor are analyzed. The starting strategy of the rare earth permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is analyzed and discussed. PMSM has the inherent advantages of high efficiency, simple structure, economic operation and convenient maintenance. Applying PMSM to the auxiliary system of the power plant will result in high operating efficiency and good energy saving effect. The field test results of a PMSM applied to the open water system of a power plant further verify this conclusion.
The load characteristics of an open water pump motor are analyzed. The starting strategy of the rare earth permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is analyzed and discussed. PMSM has the inherent advantages of high efficiency, simple structure, economic operation and convenient maintenance. Applying PMSM to the auxiliary system of the power plant will result in high operating efficiency and good energy saving effect. The field test results of a PMSM applied to the open water system of a power plant further verify this conclusion.
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Electric Machines & Control Application ® 2025
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Electric Machines & Control Application ® 2025
Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.
