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Volume 52,Issue 12,2025 Table of Contents
MA Bin
,
XU Qiongjing
,
ZHANG Ruowei
,
DUAN Lingli
,
ZHANG Yao
,
ZHANG Tinghui
,
WANG Yuting
,
ZHU Ying
2025, 52(12):1262-1271.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2025.128
Abstract:
[Objective] The secondary segmented flux-switching permanent magnet linear motor (Sseg-FSPMLM), which combines high efficiency with low cost, is well-suited for traction systems in urban rail transit. This paper investigates the applicability of the Sseg-FSPMLM under the condition of compatibility with existing traction and inverter feedback topologies, with the aim of evaluating its potential for practical engineering applications. [Methods] Firstly, using Guangzhou Metro Line 4 as a case study, a comparative analysis of the linear induction motor (LIM) and the Sseg-FSPMLM was conducted, focusing on motor efficiency and operational costs. Subsequently, without modifying the existing traction power supply system or inverter regeneration topology, an integrated simulation model was developed. This model incorporated the urban rail traction load, the regenerative energy storage device, and the grid interface. Finally, based on key parameter designs, the performance of the Sseg-FSPMLM-based inverter regeneration system was tested and evaluated. [Results] Under equivalent thrust requirements, the Sseg-FSPMLM achieved a 20% improvement in efficiency compared to the LIM, along with a 34% reduction in material costs. Simulations performed using the developed inverter regeneration model demonstrated a total recovered energy of 9.23×105 J, accounted for 43.74% of the kinetic energy present before braking. [Conclusion] When the Sseg-FSPMLM is deployed as a traction motor in existing systems, no structural modification to the inverter regeneration topology is required. By solely re-optimizing the electrical parameters, the dynamic performance and stability of the regenerative braking energy feedback system can be effectively ensured. This verifies the feasibility of directly integrating the Sseg-FSPMLM into current rail transit infrastructure.
[Objective] The secondary segmented flux-switching permanent magnet linear motor (Sseg-FSPMLM), which combines high efficiency with low cost, is well-suited for traction systems in urban rail transit. This paper investigates the applicability of the Sseg-FSPMLM under the condition of compatibility with existing traction and inverter feedback topologies, with the aim of evaluating its potential for practical engineering applications. [Methods] Firstly, using Guangzhou Metro Line 4 as a case study, a comparative analysis of the linear induction motor (LIM) and the Sseg-FSPMLM was conducted, focusing on motor efficiency and operational costs. Subsequently, without modifying the existing traction power supply system or inverter regeneration topology, an integrated simulation model was developed. This model incorporated the urban rail traction load, the regenerative energy storage device, and the grid interface. Finally, based on key parameter designs, the performance of the Sseg-FSPMLM-based inverter regeneration system was tested and evaluated. [Results] Under equivalent thrust requirements, the Sseg-FSPMLM achieved a 20% improvement in efficiency compared to the LIM, along with a 34% reduction in material costs. Simulations performed using the developed inverter regeneration model demonstrated a total recovered energy of 9.23×105 J, accounted for 43.74% of the kinetic energy present before braking. [Conclusion] When the Sseg-FSPMLM is deployed as a traction motor in existing systems, no structural modification to the inverter regeneration topology is required. By solely re-optimizing the electrical parameters, the dynamic performance and stability of the regenerative braking energy feedback system can be effectively ensured. This verifies the feasibility of directly integrating the Sseg-FSPMLM into current rail transit infrastructure.
2025, 52(12):1272-1283.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2025.124
Abstract:
[Objective] To address the issues of poor disturbance rejection performance and slow response speed exhibited by traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control strategy for vehicle-mounted stabilized gimbals operating on unpaved roads, this paper proposes a single-neural adaptive (SNA)-PID control strategy based on a linear extended state observer (LESO). This approach aims to enhance the stability and disturbance rejection capability of the gimbal’s posture control. [Methods] Firstly, a mathematical model of the stepper motor was established. Then, based on the LESO principle and the supervised Hebb learning rule, a LESO-based SNA-PID control strategy was designed. The convergence of the proposed control strategy was verified using Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, a practical vehicle-mounted stabilization gimbal platform was constructed, and comparative experiments were conducted under both internal and external disturbances against conventional PID and LESO+PID control strategy. [Results] Compared with traditional PID and LESO+PID control, the proposed control strategy significantly reduced angle-tracking peak-to-peak values and other performance indices under single disturbance, 1 Hz continuous disturbance, and 8 Hz continuous disturbance conditions. Although a slight increase in overshoot was observed when the reference signal changed, the settling time was substantially reduced. [Conclusion] The proposed LESO+SNA-PID control strategy forms a dual-compensation closed-loop strategy, which effectively enhances the disturbance rejection capability against external disturbances and improves the system’s response speed, demonstrating significant value for practical engineering applications.
[Objective] To address the issues of poor disturbance rejection performance and slow response speed exhibited by traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control strategy for vehicle-mounted stabilized gimbals operating on unpaved roads, this paper proposes a single-neural adaptive (SNA)-PID control strategy based on a linear extended state observer (LESO). This approach aims to enhance the stability and disturbance rejection capability of the gimbal’s posture control. [Methods] Firstly, a mathematical model of the stepper motor was established. Then, based on the LESO principle and the supervised Hebb learning rule, a LESO-based SNA-PID control strategy was designed. The convergence of the proposed control strategy was verified using Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, a practical vehicle-mounted stabilization gimbal platform was constructed, and comparative experiments were conducted under both internal and external disturbances against conventional PID and LESO+PID control strategy. [Results] Compared with traditional PID and LESO+PID control, the proposed control strategy significantly reduced angle-tracking peak-to-peak values and other performance indices under single disturbance, 1 Hz continuous disturbance, and 8 Hz continuous disturbance conditions. Although a slight increase in overshoot was observed when the reference signal changed, the settling time was substantially reduced. [Conclusion] The proposed LESO+SNA-PID control strategy forms a dual-compensation closed-loop strategy, which effectively enhances the disturbance rejection capability against external disturbances and improves the system’s response speed, demonstrating significant value for practical engineering applications.
XIN Feng
,
GUI Yuan
,
MA Guangyao
,
XU Xingquan
,
YAO Xiaojing
,
HU Guoting
,
ZHANG Lei
,
TANG Zhiguo
2025, 52(12):1284-1295.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2025.122
Abstract:
[Objective] Inter-turn short circuit is the most frequent type of fault in distribution transformers, and if a minor inter-turn short circuit is not dealt with in time, it may evolve into a serious inter-turn short circuit, endangering the stable operation of the transformer. This study aims to explore a high-precision diagnostic method capable of effectively identifying incipient faults to achieve early warning. [Methods] Firstly, for the early short-circuit condition, a method using nonlinear arc characteristics to replace the impedance at the short-circuit point was proposed. A high-impedance, low-energy arc was used to simulate an incipient inter-turn short circuit in the transformer. The winding current signals before and after the fault were extracted, and the distortion characteristics of magnetic flux variation was analyzed. Subsequently, a multi-scale residual network model based on the attention mechanism was proposed, achieved efficient identification of interturn short-circuit faults. [Results] Simulation and experimental results indicated that the fault current obtained through nonlinear arc impedance simulation was significantly smaller than that from linear impedance simulation. The inter-turn short circuit led to an increase in the leakage flux density within the air gap between the core and the windings, resulted in an overall rise in electromagnetic losses. The method proposed in this paper was effectively able to distinguish between the three states: normal operation, minor inter-turn short circuit, and severe inter-turn short circuit, achieving a test accuracy of 0.975. [Conclusion] The research can effectively reveal the electromagnetic response characteristics of the transformer’s early inter-turn short circuit, and lay a theoretical reference for the early fault detection.
[Objective] Inter-turn short circuit is the most frequent type of fault in distribution transformers, and if a minor inter-turn short circuit is not dealt with in time, it may evolve into a serious inter-turn short circuit, endangering the stable operation of the transformer. This study aims to explore a high-precision diagnostic method capable of effectively identifying incipient faults to achieve early warning. [Methods] Firstly, for the early short-circuit condition, a method using nonlinear arc characteristics to replace the impedance at the short-circuit point was proposed. A high-impedance, low-energy arc was used to simulate an incipient inter-turn short circuit in the transformer. The winding current signals before and after the fault were extracted, and the distortion characteristics of magnetic flux variation was analyzed. Subsequently, a multi-scale residual network model based on the attention mechanism was proposed, achieved efficient identification of interturn short-circuit faults. [Results] Simulation and experimental results indicated that the fault current obtained through nonlinear arc impedance simulation was significantly smaller than that from linear impedance simulation. The inter-turn short circuit led to an increase in the leakage flux density within the air gap between the core and the windings, resulted in an overall rise in electromagnetic losses. The method proposed in this paper was effectively able to distinguish between the three states: normal operation, minor inter-turn short circuit, and severe inter-turn short circuit, achieving a test accuracy of 0.975. [Conclusion] The research can effectively reveal the electromagnetic response characteristics of the transformer’s early inter-turn short circuit, and lay a theoretical reference for the early fault detection.
2025, 52(12):1296-1306.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2025.127
Abstract:
[Objective] Aiming at the coordination and optimization problem between operation economy and user satisfaction caused by the high proportion of wind and solar energy access to the distribution network, as well as the uncertainty of wind and solar output, a two-stage distributionally robust optimal dispatch method considering user satisfaction constraints in demand response for active distribution networks is proposed, to achieve coordinated optimization of economic efficiency and user satisfaction. [Methods] An optimization model for distribution network reconfiguration was developed, which considered demand response and user satisfaction. The model aimed to minimize comprehensive costs, including network loss cost, wind and solar curtailment cost, electricity purchase cost, user compensation cost, and switch operation penalty cost. The Frank-Copula function was introduced to characterize the correlation between wind and photovoltaic power output. Typical scenario sets were generated using the K-means clustering method. A distributionally robust optimization model was then constructed based on confidence intervals of 1-norm and ∞-norm. A two-stage solution approach was adopted: the first stage determined the status of branch switching and energy storage, while the second stage optimized the power dispatch and demand response strategies. The column-and-constraint generation algorithm was employed to solve the established model. [Results] Taking the IEEE 33-node distribution network as an example, four scenarios were set up for simulation, and the results showed that the proposed method could effectively improve the clean energy consumption rate, reduce the operating cost, smooth the load curve, and take into account the user’s power satisfaction. Secondly, the sensitivity of the fuzzy set of the split blue rod was analyzed, and the results showed that the confidence interval increased, the uncertainty of wind and solar output increased, the conservatism of the model becomed higher, and the cost also increased. [Conclusion] The distribution network sub-blue rod optimization model considering user satisfaction in demand response significantly improves the operation economy and user satisfaction of the distribution network, and provides an effective way to solve the problem of high proportion of wind and solar energy access.
[Objective] Aiming at the coordination and optimization problem between operation economy and user satisfaction caused by the high proportion of wind and solar energy access to the distribution network, as well as the uncertainty of wind and solar output, a two-stage distributionally robust optimal dispatch method considering user satisfaction constraints in demand response for active distribution networks is proposed, to achieve coordinated optimization of economic efficiency and user satisfaction. [Methods] An optimization model for distribution network reconfiguration was developed, which considered demand response and user satisfaction. The model aimed to minimize comprehensive costs, including network loss cost, wind and solar curtailment cost, electricity purchase cost, user compensation cost, and switch operation penalty cost. The Frank-Copula function was introduced to characterize the correlation between wind and photovoltaic power output. Typical scenario sets were generated using the K-means clustering method. A distributionally robust optimization model was then constructed based on confidence intervals of 1-norm and ∞-norm. A two-stage solution approach was adopted: the first stage determined the status of branch switching and energy storage, while the second stage optimized the power dispatch and demand response strategies. The column-and-constraint generation algorithm was employed to solve the established model. [Results] Taking the IEEE 33-node distribution network as an example, four scenarios were set up for simulation, and the results showed that the proposed method could effectively improve the clean energy consumption rate, reduce the operating cost, smooth the load curve, and take into account the user’s power satisfaction. Secondly, the sensitivity of the fuzzy set of the split blue rod was analyzed, and the results showed that the confidence interval increased, the uncertainty of wind and solar output increased, the conservatism of the model becomed higher, and the cost also increased. [Conclusion] The distribution network sub-blue rod optimization model considering user satisfaction in demand response significantly improves the operation economy and user satisfaction of the distribution network, and provides an effective way to solve the problem of high proportion of wind and solar energy access.
2025, 52(12):1307-1316.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2025.130
Abstract:
[Objective] To effectively mitigate the vibration and noise of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) and enhance its operational stability and reliability, this study explores the method of optimizing IPMSM vibration and noise by altering the air gap length. [Methods] An 8-pole 48-slot IPMSM applied in a wire drawing machine was selected as the research subject. The radial and tangential electromagnetic forces during motor operation were calculated and analyzed using the finite element method, and the force waves were subjected to two-dimensional Fourier decomposition to thoroughly investigate the order and frequency of the primary force waves. Based on this, modal analysis and vibration noise simulation analysis of the motor were conducted using Workbench, with a focus on comparing the vibration acceleration and a-weighted sound pressure level contour maps under different air gap lengths, revealed the variation patterns of vibration and noise characteristics. Taking into account the influence of the static eccentricity of the rotor on the radial electromagnetic force waves, the order changes of the radial electromagnetic force under the condition of a 2 mm eccentricity of the rotor were analyzed. [Results] The simulation results indicated that appropriately increasing the air gap length could reduce the motor’s vibration and noise levels as well as the amplitude of cogging torque to a certain extent. At the same time, the increase in air gap inevitably weakened the main magnetic field strength, led to a decrease in the motor’s output torque as the air gap increases. When the rotor was in a state of static eccentricity, it had an impact on the spatial order of the electromagnetic force, but it did not change the temporal order of the electromagnetic force. [Conclusion] In practical design, a comprehensive trade-off between noise reduction and torque performance is required. Additionally, rotor eccentricity significantly impacts the electromagnetic vibration and noise of the motor, so it must be avoided during both manufacturing and operation.
[Objective] To effectively mitigate the vibration and noise of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) and enhance its operational stability and reliability, this study explores the method of optimizing IPMSM vibration and noise by altering the air gap length. [Methods] An 8-pole 48-slot IPMSM applied in a wire drawing machine was selected as the research subject. The radial and tangential electromagnetic forces during motor operation were calculated and analyzed using the finite element method, and the force waves were subjected to two-dimensional Fourier decomposition to thoroughly investigate the order and frequency of the primary force waves. Based on this, modal analysis and vibration noise simulation analysis of the motor were conducted using Workbench, with a focus on comparing the vibration acceleration and a-weighted sound pressure level contour maps under different air gap lengths, revealed the variation patterns of vibration and noise characteristics. Taking into account the influence of the static eccentricity of the rotor on the radial electromagnetic force waves, the order changes of the radial electromagnetic force under the condition of a 2 mm eccentricity of the rotor were analyzed. [Results] The simulation results indicated that appropriately increasing the air gap length could reduce the motor’s vibration and noise levels as well as the amplitude of cogging torque to a certain extent. At the same time, the increase in air gap inevitably weakened the main magnetic field strength, led to a decrease in the motor’s output torque as the air gap increases. When the rotor was in a state of static eccentricity, it had an impact on the spatial order of the electromagnetic force, but it did not change the temporal order of the electromagnetic force. [Conclusion] In practical design, a comprehensive trade-off between noise reduction and torque performance is required. Additionally, rotor eccentricity significantly impacts the electromagnetic vibration and noise of the motor, so it must be avoided during both manufacturing and operation.
2025, 52(12):1317-1326.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2025.119
Abstract:
[Objective] Canned permanent magnet synchronous motor (CPMSM) is widely used in nuclear power, chemical, and other harsh environments due to the sealing properties of its shielding can. However, eddy current losses in the shielding can lead to significant temperature rise, adversely affecting motor performance. To mitigate these losses and thermal effects while enhancing electromagnetic performance and thermal stability, this paper systematically investigates the electromagnetic-thermal coupling effects of shielding can materials, with a focus on exploring the application potential of non-metallic ceramic materials in canned motors. [Methods] In this study, a CPMSM with rated power of 1.5 kW and a speed of 9 000 r/min was selected as the research object, and a two-dimensional finite element model was constructed, and the shielding can of three materials with different physical properties, were compared and analyzed by using the two-way coupling iterative algorithm of electromagnetic field and temperature field. The effects of physical properties of shielding can materials on the induced electromotive force, air gap magnetic density, loss, torque and efficiency of motors were studied, and their temperature distribution characteristics were deeply analyzed. [Results] The research results demonstrated that when silicon nitride (Si3N4) material was used as the motor shielding sleeve, its insulating properties effectively suppressed eddy current losses, improved motor efficiency and output torque, and increased the fundamental amplitude of the induced electromotive force by more than 11%. Compared to SUS316 and SUS430 materials, Si3N4 ensured more uniform temperature distribution and lower thermal rise in motors. Notably, permanent magnet temperatures were reduced by 30% when using Si3N4 as the shielding material compared to SUS316. [Conclusion] As a new high-performance shielding can material, Si3N4 has excellent characteristics such as electrical insulation, non-magnetism and high thermal conductivity. It can effectively suppress eddy current, optimize electromagnetic characteristics and enhance the thermal stability of motor. It has an important application prospect in the design of efficient, reliable and low loss motor.
[Objective] Canned permanent magnet synchronous motor (CPMSM) is widely used in nuclear power, chemical, and other harsh environments due to the sealing properties of its shielding can. However, eddy current losses in the shielding can lead to significant temperature rise, adversely affecting motor performance. To mitigate these losses and thermal effects while enhancing electromagnetic performance and thermal stability, this paper systematically investigates the electromagnetic-thermal coupling effects of shielding can materials, with a focus on exploring the application potential of non-metallic ceramic materials in canned motors. [Methods] In this study, a CPMSM with rated power of 1.5 kW and a speed of 9 000 r/min was selected as the research object, and a two-dimensional finite element model was constructed, and the shielding can of three materials with different physical properties, were compared and analyzed by using the two-way coupling iterative algorithm of electromagnetic field and temperature field. The effects of physical properties of shielding can materials on the induced electromotive force, air gap magnetic density, loss, torque and efficiency of motors were studied, and their temperature distribution characteristics were deeply analyzed. [Results] The research results demonstrated that when silicon nitride (Si3N4) material was used as the motor shielding sleeve, its insulating properties effectively suppressed eddy current losses, improved motor efficiency and output torque, and increased the fundamental amplitude of the induced electromotive force by more than 11%. Compared to SUS316 and SUS430 materials, Si3N4 ensured more uniform temperature distribution and lower thermal rise in motors. Notably, permanent magnet temperatures were reduced by 30% when using Si3N4 as the shielding material compared to SUS316. [Conclusion] As a new high-performance shielding can material, Si3N4 has excellent characteristics such as electrical insulation, non-magnetism and high thermal conductivity. It can effectively suppress eddy current, optimize electromagnetic characteristics and enhance the thermal stability of motor. It has an important application prospect in the design of efficient, reliable and low loss motor.
2025, 52(12):1327-1337.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2025.131
Abstract:
[Objective] This paper aims to address the insufficient research on the loss characteristics of direct drive permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) under inverter power supply conditions. [Methods] A field-circuit coupled joint simulation model was constructed by establishing a PMSM vector control system in Simplorer and combining it with a two-dimensional transient electromagnetic field finite element model of the motor in Maxwell. The iron core loss and permanent magnet eddy current loss characteristics of a direct drive PMSM for an industrial mill under inverter power supply were investigated. [Results] With other inverter parameters kept constant, only the carrier frequency was varied, the results showed that the 5th and 11th harmonic amplitudes in the PMSM air-gap magnetic flux density, as well as the permanent magnet eddy current loss, decreased as the carrier frequency increased. Simultaneously, the peak magnetic flux density in the stator and rotor cores decreased with the rising carrier frequency, and the simulated iron loss also exhibited a downward trend. [Conclusion] Comparative analysis indicates that when the carrier frequency exceeds 5 kHz, the sensitivity of loss to frequency variation decreases. Therefore, 5 kHz is selected as the optimal carrier frequency for the field inverter. The theoretically calculated system efficiency shows good consistency with the measured operational efficiency of the mill, thereby validating the accuracy of the established theoretical model and analysis method.
[Objective] This paper aims to address the insufficient research on the loss characteristics of direct drive permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) under inverter power supply conditions. [Methods] A field-circuit coupled joint simulation model was constructed by establishing a PMSM vector control system in Simplorer and combining it with a two-dimensional transient electromagnetic field finite element model of the motor in Maxwell. The iron core loss and permanent magnet eddy current loss characteristics of a direct drive PMSM for an industrial mill under inverter power supply were investigated. [Results] With other inverter parameters kept constant, only the carrier frequency was varied, the results showed that the 5th and 11th harmonic amplitudes in the PMSM air-gap magnetic flux density, as well as the permanent magnet eddy current loss, decreased as the carrier frequency increased. Simultaneously, the peak magnetic flux density in the stator and rotor cores decreased with the rising carrier frequency, and the simulated iron loss also exhibited a downward trend. [Conclusion] Comparative analysis indicates that when the carrier frequency exceeds 5 kHz, the sensitivity of loss to frequency variation decreases. Therefore, 5 kHz is selected as the optimal carrier frequency for the field inverter. The theoretically calculated system efficiency shows good consistency with the measured operational efficiency of the mill, thereby validating the accuracy of the established theoretical model and analysis method.
2025, 52(12):1338-1347.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2025.126
Abstract:
[Objective] Canned permanent magnet synchronous motor(CPMSM) is widely used in high-demand industrial fields due to its excellent safety and tightness, and is mostly powered by frequency converter. However, the time harmonic current generated by the frequency converter will lead to electromagnetic disturbance inside the generator, change the coupling characteristics of multi-physical fields, and cause forced deformation of the shielding can. Long-term operation may lead to structural fatigue and even motor damage. Therefore, in-depth study of the influence of harmonic current on the electromagnetic force per unit length distribution and structural response of the can is of great significance for revealing the deformation mechanism, optimizing the motor design and improving the operational reliability. [Methods] In this paper, a 1.5 kW, 9 000 r/min CPMSM was taken as the object to carry out the joint simulation of electromagnetic field and structural field. Firstly, based on the electromagnetic field theory, the analytical formula of radial electromagnetic force considering time harmonic current was derived. Then, the simulation model of CPMSM was constructed. By applying harmonic currents with different parameters, the electromagnetic force per unit length on the inner side of the can was calculated, and the forced deformation response of the can of three stainless steel materials of SUS304, SUS316, SUS430 was analyzed. [Results] The simulation results showed that the electromagnetic force per unit length increases with the increase of the amplitude of the time harmonic current, and the frequency of the electromagnetic force increases with the increase of the number of time harmonic current, but the amplitude was basically unchanged. There was a cosine relationship between the electromagnetic force per unit length and the phase angle, which has obvious modulation characteristics. Among them, SUS430 material had the largest electromagnetic force per unit length and deformation under the same excitation due to its high permeability. [Conclusion] This study reveals the influence of time harmonic current on the electromagnetic force per unit length distribution of the motor and the forced deformation of the can. It provides a theoretical basis for motor structure optimization and harmonic suppression. It is of engineering significance to improve the operation stability, and also provides a reference for the design and material selection of the can.
[Objective] Canned permanent magnet synchronous motor(CPMSM) is widely used in high-demand industrial fields due to its excellent safety and tightness, and is mostly powered by frequency converter. However, the time harmonic current generated by the frequency converter will lead to electromagnetic disturbance inside the generator, change the coupling characteristics of multi-physical fields, and cause forced deformation of the shielding can. Long-term operation may lead to structural fatigue and even motor damage. Therefore, in-depth study of the influence of harmonic current on the electromagnetic force per unit length distribution and structural response of the can is of great significance for revealing the deformation mechanism, optimizing the motor design and improving the operational reliability. [Methods] In this paper, a 1.5 kW, 9 000 r/min CPMSM was taken as the object to carry out the joint simulation of electromagnetic field and structural field. Firstly, based on the electromagnetic field theory, the analytical formula of radial electromagnetic force considering time harmonic current was derived. Then, the simulation model of CPMSM was constructed. By applying harmonic currents with different parameters, the electromagnetic force per unit length on the inner side of the can was calculated, and the forced deformation response of the can of three stainless steel materials of SUS304, SUS316, SUS430 was analyzed. [Results] The simulation results showed that the electromagnetic force per unit length increases with the increase of the amplitude of the time harmonic current, and the frequency of the electromagnetic force increases with the increase of the number of time harmonic current, but the amplitude was basically unchanged. There was a cosine relationship between the electromagnetic force per unit length and the phase angle, which has obvious modulation characteristics. Among them, SUS430 material had the largest electromagnetic force per unit length and deformation under the same excitation due to its high permeability. [Conclusion] This study reveals the influence of time harmonic current on the electromagnetic force per unit length distribution of the motor and the forced deformation of the can. It provides a theoretical basis for motor structure optimization and harmonic suppression. It is of engineering significance to improve the operation stability, and also provides a reference for the design and material selection of the can.
2025, 52(12):1348-1360.
DOI: 10.12177/emca.2025.123
Abstract:
[Objective] To address the issue of reduced servo accuracy in permanent magnet synchronous linear motors (PMSLM) caused by external load disturbances and parameter perturbations due to temperature rise during operation, this paper employs a sliding mode controller (SMC) based on the super-twisting algorithm (STA) for the position loop. A dual online iterative compensation (DOIC) control strategy, namely STA-DOIC, is proposed. [Methods] Firstly, a predictive framework was constructed based on the discretized PMSLM mathematical model, and a load disturbance observer (LDO) and a parameter disturbance observer (PDO) were introduced to accurately estimate external load variations and internal parameter perturbations. Second, the compensation timing was dynamically planned within the prediction horizon, and the optimal compensation amount was solved online based on the iterative learning algorithm. Finally, the compensation amount was injected into the control system in real time, effectively eliminating the residual error of the STA and significantly improving tracking accuracy. [Results] Based on simulation and experimental data, the STA-DOIC control strategy demonstrated superior performance under various operating conditions, including no-load, load, and parameter mismatch, with average tracking error reductions exceeding 95% (simulation) and 99% (experiment). The introduction of LDO and PDO further enhanced the system’s disturbance rejection capability, reducing errors under both external load and parameter perturbations. The parameter η=3,600 was determined as the optimal value, ensuring high precision while maintaining system stability. [Conclusion] The STA-DOIC control strategy proposed in this paper, combined with PDO and LDO, effectively enhances the system's robustness against disturbances and parameter uncertainties, providing reliable assurance for high-precision servo control.
[Objective] To address the issue of reduced servo accuracy in permanent magnet synchronous linear motors (PMSLM) caused by external load disturbances and parameter perturbations due to temperature rise during operation, this paper employs a sliding mode controller (SMC) based on the super-twisting algorithm (STA) for the position loop. A dual online iterative compensation (DOIC) control strategy, namely STA-DOIC, is proposed. [Methods] Firstly, a predictive framework was constructed based on the discretized PMSLM mathematical model, and a load disturbance observer (LDO) and a parameter disturbance observer (PDO) were introduced to accurately estimate external load variations and internal parameter perturbations. Second, the compensation timing was dynamically planned within the prediction horizon, and the optimal compensation amount was solved online based on the iterative learning algorithm. Finally, the compensation amount was injected into the control system in real time, effectively eliminating the residual error of the STA and significantly improving tracking accuracy. [Results] Based on simulation and experimental data, the STA-DOIC control strategy demonstrated superior performance under various operating conditions, including no-load, load, and parameter mismatch, with average tracking error reductions exceeding 95% (simulation) and 99% (experiment). The introduction of LDO and PDO further enhanced the system’s disturbance rejection capability, reducing errors under both external load and parameter perturbations. The parameter η=3,600 was determined as the optimal value, ensuring high precision while maintaining system stability. [Conclusion] The STA-DOIC control strategy proposed in this paper, combined with PDO and LDO, effectively enhances the system's robustness against disturbances and parameter uncertainties, providing reliable assurance for high-precision servo control.
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Electric Machines & Control Application ® 2025
Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.
沪ICP备16038578号-3
Electric Machines & Control Application ® 2025
Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.
